The nurse is assessing the apical pulse of a 3-month-old infant and finds that the heart rate is 135 beats per minute. The nurse interprets this result as:
a. Normal for this age.
b. Lower than expected.
c. Higher than expected, probably as a result of crying.
d. Higher than expected, reflecting persistent tachycardia.
Question 2The nurse is assessing a patient's pulses and notices a difference between the patient's apical pulse and radial pulse. The apical pulse was 118 beats per minute, and the radial pulse was 105 beats per minute.
What is the pulse deficit?
Question 3The nurse is presenting a class on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Which of these are considered modifiable risk factors for MI? Select all that apply.
a. Ethnicity
b. Abnormal lipids
c. Smoking
d. Gender
e. Hypertension
f.
Diabetes
g.
Family history
Question 4The nurse is assessing a patient with possible cardiomyopathy and assesses the hepatojugular reflux. If heart failure is present, then the nurse should recognize which finding while pushing on the right upper quadrant of the patient's abdomen,
just below the rib cage?
a.
The jugular veins will rise for a few seconds and then recede back to the previous level if the heart is properly working.
b.
The jugular veins will remain elevated as long as pressure on the abdomen is maintained.
c.
An impulse will be visible at the fourth or fifth intercostal space at or inside the midclavicular line.
d.
The jugular veins will not be detected during this maneuver.
Question 5The nurse is preparing for a class on risk factors for hypertension and reviews recent statistics. Which racial group has the highest prevalence of hypertension in the world?
a. Blacks
b. Whites
c. American Indians
d. Hispanics
Question 6The nurse knows that normal splitting of the S2 is associated with:
a. Expiration.
b. Inspiration.
c. Exercise state.
d. Low resting heart rate.
Question 7During a cardiovascular assessment, the nurse knows that a thrill is:
a. Vibration that is palpable.
b. Palpated in the right epigastric area. c.
Associated with ventricular hypertrophy.
d. Murmur auscultated at the third intercostal space.
Question 8During a cardiovascular assessment, the nurse knows that an S4 heart sound is:
a. Heard at the onset of atrial diastole.
b. Usually a normal finding in the older adult.
c. Heard at the end of ventricular diastole.
d. Heard best over the second left intercostal space with the individual sitting upright.
Question 9When the nurse is auscultating the carotid artery for bruits, which of these statements reflects the correct technique?
a. While listening with the bell of the stethoscope, the patient is asked to take a deep breath and hold it.
b. While auscultating one side with the bell of the stethoscope, the carotid artery is palpated on the other side to check pulsations.
c. While lightly applying the bell of the stethoscope over the carotid artery and listening, the patient is asked to take a breath, exhale, and briefly hold it.
d. While firmly placing the bell of the stethoscope over the carotid artery and listening, the patient is asked to take a breath, exhale, and briefly hold it.
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