Which of the following is NOT a probability sample?

Which of the following is NOT a probability sample?
 a. Simple random sample
  b. Stratified sample
  c. Cluster sample
  d. Judgment sample
  e. All of the above are probability samples.

Question 2

The distinguishing feature of probability samples is that:
 a. they involve personal judgment somewhere in the selection of sample elements.
  b. each population element has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
  c. each population element has an equal chance of being included in the sample and every combination of n population elements is a sample possibility.
  d. each population element has a known chance of being included in the sample.
  e. they will always be more representative of the population than nonprobability samples.

Question 3

A researcher wants to study the effects of social class on consumption behavior. He establishes three different categories of social class in terms of amount of income. He then assigns each field worker a specified number of interviews with people in each income category although the interviewers are allowed to select who they interview. This is an example of:
 a. probability sampling.
  b. stratified sampling.
  c. systematic sampling.
  d. quota sampling.
  e. random sampling.

Question 4

Quota samples are typically selected so that the distribution of a characteristic in the sample matches the distribution of that same characteristic in the population. With respect to the representativeness of quota samples, it can thus be said that
 a. a quota sample may be very far off the mark with respect to other important characteristics likely to influence the result but which were not used as controls when selecting the sample.
  b. the fact that the distribution of the characteristic in the sample parallels the distribution in the population does not guarantee that the sample is representative.
  c. the quota assigned each field worker should exactly mirror the distribution of the control characteristic in the population.
  d. Both a and b.
  e. a, b, and c.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT with respect to a quota sample?
 a. It is relatively easy to verify whether the sample is representative.
  b. Field workers' personal judgments govern the choice of sample members.
  c. The quotas per field worker usually mirror the distribution of characteristics in the population.
  d. Quota samples are an example of nonprobability sampling.
  e. Both a and c.

Question 6

A researcher wants to interview members of the junior class in a local high school that are interested in attending the local university in order to investigate their attitudes concerning the university's admissions policy. Although the researcher suspects that many of the juniors are interested in attending, the researcher cannot get a list of juniors but only has the names of the three students that have expressed their interest by writing to the admissions office. What sampling procedure should the researcher use to assemble a sample of adequate size?
 a. Simple random sampling
  b. Referred sampling
  c. Snowball sampling
  d. Convenience sampling
  e. Quota sampling

Question 7

Convenience samples are best used for:
 a. causal research.
  b. exploratory research.
  c. hypothesis testing.
  d. descriptive research.
  e. experimental designs.

Question 8

A sample where the respondent provides the names of other potential respondents is called a(n):
 a. judgment sample.
  b. snowball sample.
  c. quota sample.
  d. accidental sample.
  e. probability sample.

Question 9

Snowball samples are an example of:
 a. convenience sampling.
  b. judgment sampling.
  c. quota sampling.
  d. simple random sampling.
  e. stratified sampling.

Question 10

Judgment samples are distinguished by the fact that:
 a. those entering the sample happen to be where the study is being done when it is being done.
  b. the proportion of those possessing a given characteristic is balanced against the proportion of the population possessing the characteristic.
  c. each field worker is allowed to judge whether any given respondent would be a good representative of the population.
  d. the sample elements are hand picked by the investigator because it is expected they can offer the contributions sought.
  e. they are superior to other forms of sampling for descriptive studies.

Question 11

Convenience samples:
 a. take place at 7-11, Stop & Go or other convenience stores.
  b. are nonprobability samples.
  c. are typically not representative of the entire population.
  d. Both a and b.
  e. Both b and c.