Does regular exercise decrease the risk of cancer? A researcher finds 200 women over 50 who exercise regularly, pairs each with a woman who has a similar medical history but does not exercise, then follows subjects for 10 years to see which group
develops more cancer. This is a
A) survey
B) prospective study
C) randomized experiment
D) retrospective study
E) matched experiment
Q. 2Which is true about sampling?
I. An attempt to take a census will always result in less bias than sampling.
II. Sampling error is usually reduced when the sample size is larger.
III. Sampling error is the result of random variations and is always present.
A) II and III B) I only C) I, II, and III D) II only E) III only
Q. 3A factory has 20 assembly lines producing a popular toy. To inspect a representative sample of 100 toys, quality control staff randomly selected 5 toys from each line's output. Was this a simple random sample?
A) Yes, because each toy produced had an equal chance to be selected.
B) Yes, because a stratified sample is a type of simple random sample.
C) Yes, because the toys were selected at random.
D) No, because not all combinations of 100 toys could have been chosen.
E) No, because toys do not come off the assembly line at random.
Q. 4If we wish to compare the average PSAT scores of boys and girls taking AP Statistics at a high school, which would be the best way to gather these data?
A) observational study
B) SRS
C) experiment
D) stratified sample
E) census
Q. 5Moods A headline in the New York Times announced Research shows running can alter one's moods.
The article reported that researchers gave a Personality Assessment Test to 231 males who run at least 20 miles a week, and found statistically significant personality differences between the runners and the male population as a whole. Do you think the headline was appropriate? Explain.
Q. 6Cloning A polling organization is investigating public opinion about cloning. They phone a random sample of 1200 adults, asking each person one of these questions (randomly chosen):
A: Do you favor allowing doctors to use cloned cells in attempts to find cures for such terrible diseases as Alzheimer's, diabetes, and Parkinson's?
B: Should research scientists be allowed to use cloned human embryos in their experiments?
Which question do you expect will elicit greater support for cloning? Explain. What kind of bias is this?
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