A client who is bed-bound and cannot perform activities of daily living lives in a nursing home. Which of the following is not a risk factor for bone loss?
a. limited exposure to sunlight
b. client dependent on others to provide fortified milk and other fluids
c. kidneys have decreased ability to convert vitamin D to its active form
d. staff encouraging client to bear weight when being assisted out of bed to sit in chair
Q. 2A factor contributing to the risk for dehydration in the older adult is that:
a. drinking fluids causes loss of bladder control.
b. total body water remains stable as the body ages.
c. increased fluid intake will decrease the intake of nutrient-dense foods.
d. the hypothalamus is not as efficient in stimulating the thirst response after age 60.
Q. 3Complex carbohydrates in the diet of older adults are needed for all of the following reasons except:
a. to spare protein.
b. to prevent constipation.
c. to optimize brain function.
d. to stimulate the immune system.
Q. 4Protein intake in the older adult is especially needed to:
a. prevent sarcopenia.
b. maintain brain function.
c. prevent macular degeneration.
d. suppress the immune response.
Q. 5To facilitate the person with Alzheimer's to maintain nutrition, the caregiver can:
a. turn the television on during meals.
b. offer a variety of foods at a meal.
c. offer ready-to-eat foods in bite-size pieces.
d. recognize that the client will eat when needed.
Q. 6A possible risk factor for Alzheimer's may be due to:
a. decreased intake of animal products that provide vitamin B12.
b. decreased regular exercise in middle-life years.
c. low levels of homocysteine, an amino acid.
d. accumulation of acetylcholine.
Q. 7Losses in brain function may be delayed or even prevented with adequate intake of what specific nutrients?
a. water-soluble vitamins, folate, zinc, and iron
b. antioxident vitamins and magnesium
c. amino acids including homocysteine
d. selenium, manganese, and folic acid
Q. 8What specific therapeutic diet has been shown to also help alleviate rheumatoid arthritis?
a. high-fiber diet
b. heart-healthy diet
c. lactulose-intolerance diet
d. restricted-kcalorie diabetic diet
Q. 9The following statement is true about osteoarthritis:
a. glucosamine and chondrotin have been proven scientifically to alleviate pain and immobility of osteoarthritis.
b. weight loss often relieves pain of osteoarthritis, even pain in the hands.
c. diets high in olive oil can alleviate inflammation in osteoarthritis.
d. jogging and weight-bearing activities worsen osteoarthritis.
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