Protein turnover is
A. the coordinated and continual process of breaking down and resynthesizing proteins.
B. the 3-dimensional rotation of proteins within cells.
C. the breakdown of proteins with subsequent destruction of amino acids.
D. the continual synthesis of proteins following excretion of nonfunctional proteins.
Q. 2Secretin, gastrin, insulin, and glucagon are examples of proteins that are
A. enzymes.
B. hormones.
C. antibodies.
D. neurotransmitters.
Q. 3The most common food allergies are caused by proteins present in eggs, milk, soy, wheat, and
A. peanuts.
B. walnuts.
C. brazil nuts.
D. coconuts.
Q. 4The role of bicarbonate released from the pancreas is to
A. neutralize the acid from the stomach.
B. convert pepsinogen to pepsin.
C. activate the proenzymes released from absorptive cells lining the small intestine.
D. act as a protease.
Q. 5The hormones released by cells in the small intestine in response to the arrival of amino acids and smaller peptides are secretin and cholecystokinin. Together, these hormones stimulate
A. the production of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen in the stomach.
B. the release of active enzymes from the pancreas.
C. the release of bicarbonate and proenzymes from the pancreas.
D. the release of di- and tripeptides from the absorptive cells that line the small intestine.
Q. 6HCl is important for protein digestion for two reasons: 1) it denatures proteins in the stomach, and 2)
A. it stimulates gastrin release from the stomach.
B. it converts pepsinogen into pepsin.
C. it converts pepsin into pepsinogen.
D. it maintains the acid environment necessary in the small intestine for protein digestion.
Q. 7Pepsinogen is an example of a proenzyme. This means it is
A. an inactive form an enzyme.
B. an enzyme needed for protein digestion.
C. a protease.
D. an enzyme that leads the way for a different enzyme to have activity.
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