In the body, water moves ____.
A) from where solute concentrations are low to where solute concentrations are high
B) from where solute concentrations are high to where solute concentrations are low
C) across membranes regardless of solute concentrations
D) from where water concentrations are low to where water concentrations are high
Q. 2The final result of indirect calorimetry is to determine the ____.
A) amount of energy the patient needs to take in per 24 hours
B) number of kcalories burned during a period of study
C) factors associated with illness that contribute to high energy intake
D) adjustments to make in the patient's diet to improve carbohydrate intake
Q. 3Your cousin Miguel is extolling the virtues of his new dietary supplement. He says that it contains enzymes that will make him healthier, and he asks for your opinion. How should you respond?
A) The supplement will increase the digestibility of the foods he eats.
B) The supplement could likely interfere with the enzymes secreted by his pancreas.
C) The supplement could likely overload his gastrointestinal tract and lead to diarrhea.
D) Enzymes are proteins, which will be destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract.
Q. 4The majority of water in the gastrointestinal tract is absorbed in the ____.
A) duodenum
B) jejunum and ileum
C) ascending colon
D) transverse colon
Q. 5Health practitioners should monitor the patient's food intake and ____ and reevaluate energy needs regularly during the hospital stay.
A) body weight
B) height
C) blood pressure
D) albumin levels
Q. 6In the stomach, hydrochloric acid ____.
A) kills bacteria
B) activates pancreatic lipase
C) activates pancreatic carbohydrases
D) inhibits hydrolysis of dietary protein
Q. 7Which cation is most abundant in plasma?
A) magnesium
B) calcium
C) sodium
D) potassium
Q. 8Use the Harris-Benedict equation (presented below) to estimate daily energy needs for a 32-year-old woman who is 165 cm tall and weighs 46 kg. Use a stress factor of 1.2. RMR = 655.1 + 9.563 weight (kg) + 1.85 height (cm) - 4.676 age (years)
A) 1250 kcal
B) 1500 kcal
C) 1750 kcal
D) 2000 kcal
Q. 9What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
A) to emulsify fats
B) to neutralize stomach acid
C) to digest proteins and carbohydrates
D) to protect stomach cells from gastric juices
Q. 10Approximately how much water is released into the gastrointestinal tract daily as part of secretions?
A) 9 L
B) 7 L
C) 4 L
D) 3 L
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