What is NOT a reason that a levee originally built to contain a 100-yr flood would be insufficient?
a. Major floods occur more frequently as areas are developed.
b. Floods larger than a 100-year flood can occur at any time.
c. Flood levels generally rise over time.
d. Sediment deposited by tributary streams degrades the levee.
e. Levees are of varying quality.
Question 2Which event did NOT occur during and after the flooding of the Cumberland River near Nashville in the spring of 2010?
a. Levees were overtopped.
b. Most of the damage was outside the floodplain.
c. Over 30 people died.
d. Many houses were filled with 2 m of water.
e. Most people evacuated, since the failure occurred gradually.
Question 3Which factor did NOT contribute to the flooding around Jakarta, Indonesia, in February 2007, which killed dozens and forced the evacuation of more than 400,000 people?
a. torrential rains
b. deforestation of hillsides near the city
c. a volcanic eruption that occurred just prior to the flooding
d. storm drains and rivers clogged with trash
e. inadequate urban planning
Question 4What do rivers continually strive to do?
a. Build up their sediment load.
b. Disburse their sediment load.
c. Minimize the energy they expend.
d. Maximize the energy they expend.
e. Maintain as straight a path as possible.
Question 5Where likely sources of debris flows are a short distance upstream and the channel gradient is high, ____.
a. a trip wire is more effective than an acoustic flow meter for debris flow warnings
b. sirens should not be used in debris early warning systems
c. warning time for a debris flow may be too short to allow for evacuation
d. the danger to humans from a debris flow is minimized
e. debris flows and mudflows will never be covered by flood insurance
Question 6Levees are ____.
a. less susceptible to failure when built from local materials
b. an alternative to spillways for protection of structures from floods
c. always artificial, not natural
d. sometime intentionally breached during floods
e. reinforced by piping and sand boils
Question 7Which is NOT a type of early warning system for debris flows?
a. trip wires
b. acoustic flow monitors
c. sirens
d. weather alerts for increased hazard conditions
e. alluvial fan monitors
Question 8Which factor does NOT influence the hazard potential of a failing dam?
a. the populations distance downstream
b. the amount of upstream erosion
c. the valley topography
d. the height of the dam
e. the volume of water released
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