Water and soil percolating through karst fissures can create a small depression through the process ...

Water and soil percolating through karst fissures can create a small depression through the process of _______________.
  Fill in the blank with correct word.

Question 2

A(n) _______________ hangs from the ceiling of a cavern.
  Fill in the blank with correct word.

Question 3

Exposure of limestone rock creates an uneven and potholed surface called _______________.
  Fill in the blank with correct word.

Question 4

The level to which _______________ rises in a well is the location of the water table.
  Fill in the blank with correct word.

Question 5

The damage due to swelling soils results in losses of ____ in the United States.
   a. tens of millions of dollars, primarily through associated maintenance of cars and trucks,
   b. tens of millions of dollars, primarily through damage to residences and businesses,
   c. tens of millions of dollars, primarily in disruption of truck and train transport,
   d. billions of dollars, primarily through damage to highways and streets,
   e. billions of dollars, primarily through damage to residential homes,

Question 6

Swelling soils are typically due to ____.
   a. kaolinite clay expelling, water which increases the volume of sand layers
   b. heat, which increases the volume of water bound in clay layers
   c. freezing water, which expands, increasing the volume of clay layers
   d. smectite clay increasing in volume as it absorbs water
   e. landslides removing pressure from clay layers, allowing them to increase in volume

Question 7

Thawing permafrost _______________.
   a. creates problems for oil pipelines, which run underground in high latitudes
   b. reduces climate change dangers by absorbing atmospheric heat
   c. increases climate change dangers by injecting warm water into the Arctic Ocean
   d. puts buildings at risk of damage, but does not disrupt transportation
   e. leads to a reduction in biodiversity by removing vegetation that protects snowbanks

Question 8

Landslides due to the melting of permafrost ____.
   a. are shallow and only affect a few meters as the thawed layer slides off the remaining permafrost
   b. create rotational slumps as deeper thawed areas loosen the connection of permafrost to the supporting layers
   c. are extensive and damaging, where lakes and streams warm the ground
   d. create large translational slumps as unthawed permafrost slides over subsurface meltwater
   e. can be avoided if vegetation maintains a deep snow cover