A 71-year-old man has made an appointment with his primary care provider at the urging of his wife, who states that he has occasionally had episodes of weakness and slurring of words over the past several weeks.
The care provider recognizes the possibility that the man has been experiencing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). TIAs have which of the following characteristics?
A) TIAs result in motor symptoms rather than sensory symptoms.
B) TIAs are a result of minor cerebral hemorrhages that spontaneously resolve.
C) TIAs cause irreversible, but minor, neurological damage.
D) TIAs cause symptoms that last less than 1 hour.
Question 2A patient with type 1 diabetes has been advised by her health care provider to begin taking 80 mg of enteric-coated ASA each day. This intervention addresses which of the following complications of diabetes?
A) Joint degeneration
B) Atherosclerotic changes
C) Retinopathy
D) Diabetic nephropathy
Question 3A patient has been brought to the emergency department (ED) with signs and symptoms that are characteristic of an ischemic stroke. The ED nurse is aware that a disruption in cerebral blood flow will have initiated the ischemic cascade.
The mitochondria in the patient's affected neurons respond to impaired blood supply by:
A) Releasing cytokines that signal the brain to shunt blood flow to alternative routes
B) Metabolizing stored glucose contained in the cytoplasm
C) Changing from aerobic respiration to anaerobic metabolism
D) Signaling the cell nucleus to synthesize oxygen
Question 4Disturbed by the high incidence and poor outcomes of stroke in the community, a public health nurse is planning a health promotion campaign that is specifically focused on stroke.
Which of the following proposed outcomes would most directly address an identified public awareness need?
A) Participants will describe the factors that affect cerebral blood flow.
B) Participants will state the most common signs and symptoms of stroke.
C) Participants will state the common treatment modalities for different types of stroke.
D) Participants will describe the relationship between psychological stress and stroke.
Question 5A 30-year-old type 1 diabetic has been admitted to the critical care unit with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis following a drinking binge over the course of a weekend.
The nurse should anticipate that this patient will require what immediate intervention?
A) IV administration of calcium gluconate
B) Subcutaneous administration of 30 units of insulin glargine (Lantus)
C) Oral administration of 2 g of metformin (Glucophage)
D) Rapid administration of intravenous normal saline
Question 6A patient admitted with a stroke is coming to the unit from the emergency department. The nurse assigned to care for the new patient knows that what assessment finding is indicative of a stroke?
A) Difficulty speaking
B) Increase in heart rate
C) Facial edema
D) Electrolyte imbalance
Question 7A nurse who works on a medical unit has taken a patient's blood glucose level and obtained a reading of 53 mg/dL. The patient is appropriately responsive to questioning, but is drowsy and appears pale.
What intervention should the nurse prioritize in response to this assessment finding?
A) Administer 15 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate
B)
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