A male patient has just been diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and has presented ...

A male patient has just been diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and has presented numerous questions to the nurse in anticipation of his upcoming appointment with his primary care provider.
 
  Specifically, the patient has many questions surrounding hemodialysis. What should the nurse teach this patient about his diagnosis and hemodialysis?
  A) Hemodialysis is becoming much less common because of improved medications for the management of ESRD.
  B) Your doctor will probably recommend hemodialysis only as a last resort if conservative treatments are unsuccessful.
  C) These days, many patients are encouraged to start hemodialysis well before their ESRD becomes severe.
  D) Your doctor will probably start you on hemodialysis a few times a month and then increase the frequency.

Question 2

A 37-year-old male is brought to the clinic by his wife because the patient is experiencing loss of motor function and sensation.
 
  After initial neurological assessment, the health care provider suspects the patient has a spinal cord tumor and hospitalizes him for diagnostic testing. In preparation for diagnostic studies, the nurse will inform the patient that the most commonly used study to diagnosis spinal cord compression from a tumor is what?
  A) An X-ray
  B) An ultrasound
  C) A computed tomography (CT) scan
  D) A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan

Question 3

A patient with chronic renal failure has frequent blood work ordered so that the care team can monitor the progression of his disease.
 
  The nurse has noted a consistent downward trend in the patient's levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells (RBCs). The nurse understands that this is likely attributable to what pathophysiologic phenomenon?
  A) Inadequate metabolism of folic acid
  B) Increased hemolysis of red cells by the spleen
  C) Decreased synthesis and release of erythropoietin
  D) Aplastic anemia

Question 4

A community health nurse is well-aware that the incidence and prevalence of chronic renal failure (CRF) has increased significantly in recent years.
 
  In a recent strategic planning meeting, the nurse has proposed health promotion activities to address this problem. Which of the following health promotion campaigns addresses the most common cause of CRF?
  A) Teaching individuals with diabetes to manage their disease
  B) Promoting smoking cessation
  C) Encouraging adults to know their family history of CRF
  D) Screening for CRF among adults age 70 and older

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with a primary brain tumor. The patient asks the nurse where his tumor came from. What would be the nurse's best response?
 
  A) Your tumor originated from somewhere outside the central nervous system.
  B) Your tumor is pituitary in origin.
  C) Your tumor originated from cells and structures within the brain.
  D) Your tumor is from nerve tissue somewhere in your body.