A patient has been admitted to the hospital with exacerbation of heart failure (HF) that has resulted in pulmonary and peripheral edema. The nurse has been carefully monitoring the trajectory of the patient's signs and symptoms of HF.
How can the nurse best monitor the patient's fluid balance?
A) By monitoring the patient's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
B) By measuring and recording the patient's oral fluid intake
C) By performing daily weights at the same time each day
D) By assessing the patient's skin turgor at several different sites
Question 2A patient, age 56, has been advised that his prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is elevated. The physician then performed a digital rectal examination (DRE). Which procedure is indicated next?
a. CA-125 test
b. Transrectal ultrasound
c. Needle biopsy of the prostate
d. MRI
Question 3The nurse recognizes that an older adult patient with heart failure is experiencing the effects of inadequate cardiac output, a problem that affects many of the body's systems.
Inadequate perfusion of the patient's kidneys leads to which of the following pathophysiological effects?
A) Decreased erythropoiesis
B) Acidbase imbalances
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Increased renin release
Question 4Which is a type of biopsy?
a. Syringe
b. Aspiration
c. Polypectomy
d. Puncture
Question 5A patient, age 62, has been receiving external radiation and chemotherapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma. His oral mucosa is denuded and edematous. He has ulcerations over his bucca and tongue, and his saliva is thick and ropey.
Which intervention does the nurse teach to this patient? a. Use a soft diet until the acute reaction subsides.
b. Gargle and rinse his mouth several times a day with a commercial mouthwash.
c. Use cotton-tipped swabs dipped in hydrogen peroxide to clean his teeth.
d. Avoid hot beverages.
Question 6A 69-year-old man has been experiencing progressive dyspnea and activity intolerance in recent months and is currently undergoing a diagnostic workup for heart failure (HF).
During echocardiography, systolic HF could be differentiated from diastolic HF by appraising the patient's:
A) Sinus rhythm
B) Ejection fraction (EF)
C) Stroke volume
D) Left ventricular wall thickness
Question 7Nutritional management can help control diarrhea. Which foods would be recommended on a diarrhea diet? (Select all that apply.)
a. Bananas and apricot nectar
b. Ensure
c. Broccoli
d. Cooked fruits and vegetables
e. Red meat
f. Raw fruits and vegetables
Question 8A nurse has asked the unit educator what happens when the amount of fluid in the pericardial sac increases. What should the educator tell the nurse?
A) It raises the pressure inside the pericardial sac, causing fluid to leak through.
B) It raises the pressure inside the pericardial sac, compressing the lungs.
C) It raises the pressure inside the pericardial sac, compressing the heart.
D) It raises the pressure inside the pericardial sac, causing it to rupture.
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