Continuing research on stress suggests that ____.
a. biological stressors play a more important role in affecting the immune system than do psychological or social stressors
b. biological stressors can cause physiological damage, but psychological and social stressors do not
c. there is very little relationship between stress and health
d. stress affects the immune system, heart function, hormone levels, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems
Question 2A dominant theme in understanding the manifestation of stress is that _____.
a. negative stressors have greater impact on health than positive stressors
b. illness results from a complex interaction of biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural factors
c. the most important factor in the interaction between stress and health is interpretation of the situation
d. the more stress a person encounters, the more likely that person is to become ill
Question 3Leo took care of his wife for several years after she suffered a stroke. The stress on him was overwhelming. Shortly after she died, he develops a serious illness. His illness suggests ____.
a. hypertension resulting from chronic stress
b. an impaired immune response to illness resulting from chronic stress
c. hypervigilance resulting from chronic stress
d. hyperglycemia resulting from chronic stress
Question 4The body's reaction to long-lasting stress is associated with ____.
a. enhanced immune functioning
b. deterioration of the body
c. changes in personality
d. decreased sensitivity to stressors
Question 5On one particularly stressful day, Darren learns that his girlfriend is leaving him, his mother has been robbed, and the IRS is auditing him. His body reacts with an increased heart rate and increased respiration. Viewing Darren's reaction from a biological perspective, Darren is experiencing ____.
a. activation of the sympathetic nervous system in order to prepare the body for emergency action
b. impaired immune response to stressors
c. dysfunctional cognitions regarding the stressors occurring during this day
d. pre-existing conditions that predispose him to developing stress reactions
Question 6Kwan, a refugee from Cambodia, feels fine all day, but dies in his sleep. His autopsy shows no identifiable cause for his death. The cause of his death would likely be attributable to ____.
a. ventricular fibrillation
b. psychosomatic heart disease
c. sudden death syndrome
d. acute bradycardia
Question 7Stress researchers have found that ____.
a. both short-term and long-term exposure to stress are associated with deterioration of immune functioning
b. both short-term and long-term exposure to stress are associated with enhancement of immune functioning
c. brief exposure to stress enhances immune functioning; extended exposure to stress is associated with deterioration of immune functioning
d. the research is inconclusive with regard to any relationship between short- or long-term exposure to stress and immune functioning
Question 8Both Kurt and Magda survived airplane crashes. Both experience intrusive memories of the event as well as extreme anxiety and dissociative episodes. One might be diagnosed with acute stress disorder and the other with posttraumatic stress disorder if ____.
a. one experiences anxiety and the other does not
b. one relives the experience and the other does not
c. one has had symptoms for more than thirty days and the other has not
d. one experiences panic attacks and the other does not