There is some debate about whether Philippe Pinel

There is some debate about whether Philippe Pinel
 
  a. was the first person to remove chains from mental patients in a French mental hospital.
  b. was the first person to refute the idea of witchcraft as an explanation for abnormal behavior.
  c. supported Mesmer's ideas of animal magnetism and hypnosis.
  d. approved of the use of bleeding, beatings, and imprisonment for mental patients.

Question 2

Philippe Pinel
 
  a. believed that mental illness was due to possession by demons and exorcism was the only useful treatment.
  b. believed that mental patients needed to choose rationality over insanity, so treatment was aimed at making their lives as patients uncomfortable.
  c. believed that mental patients were ill and needed to be treated as such  with kindness and caring.
  d. believed that mental illness was purely a physiological phenomena, and could only be treated by physical means such as bloodletting.

Question 3

In the Tuskegee Experiment, U.S. government researchers withheld lifesaving treatment from seriously ill human subjects.
 
  Indicate whether the statement is true or false