Sophia’s physician told her that heavy smoking impaired the surface of her airway, including ciliated cells. What is the implication to Sophia’s airway of the lack of cilia?
A. Failure of removal of foreign partials
B. Failure of excretion of waste products from cell contents
C. Failure of absorption of gases
D. Failure of sensation
E. Failure of secretion of cell products
Which of the following would be regarded as a macronutrient?
A. Water
B. Calcium
C. Essential amino acids
D. Vitamin C
E. Phosphorus
Kyla is studying seal diving and noticed that the heart rate of a seal dips to a few beats per minute during a dive. Why?
A. Aerobic cellular respiration ceases during a dive
B. a heart is required underwater only for gills as there is no air to breathe
C. A large share of the blood oxygen supply is diverted to limb muscles
D. An active heart is required only during air breathing
E. Muscles contain considerable myoglobin and don’t need oxygen
Cameron watched through a microscope as blood flowed through a capillary bed in a bat’s wing. When the wing was cooled, blood flow was reduced. How would that happen?
A. Constriction of venules.
B. Closure of thoroughfare channels.
C. Activation of precapillary sphincters.
D. Closure of loops.
E. Expansion of arterioles.
Place the following in sequence of transit of a red blood cell: (1) venule, (2) arteriole, (3) capillary, (4) artery, (5) vein.
A. 3>1>5>2>4.
B. 4>1>3>2>5.
C. 5>4>3>2>1.
D. 1>2>3.4>5.
E. 4>2>3>1>5.
Vera was injected with poliovirus vaccine that consisted of dead viruses. What component of the dead viruses would enable her immune system?
A. Interferon
B. Epitope
C. Antitoxin
D. Complement
E. Opsonins
Vance has an infection and his immune system is reacting to the invader. Which of the following would be considered a specific defense?
A. Interferon
B. Natural killer cell
C. Lysozyme
D. Complement
E. Antibody
Question 17 of 60 1.667 Points
Sarah was examining a fish specimen and found that it lacked glomeruli. She suspected that this was an adaptation to its environment. Likely where did it live?
A. In salt water, as salt water fish are subject to osmotic water loss.
B. In fresh water, as fresh water fish are subject to osmotic water gain.
C. In salt water, as salt water fish are subject to osmotic water gain.
D. In fresh water, as fresh water fish are subject to osmotic water loss.
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Question 18 of 60 1.667 Points
If a migrating fish moves from salt water to fresh water, what change would you expect in the glomerular filtration rate, if any?
A. The rate would increase, as excess ocean salts have to be eliminated to obtain osmotic neutrality.
B. The rate would increase, as osmotic flooding occurs.
C. The rate would decrease, as less salts are being absorbed.
D. The rate would decrease, as water conservation becomes a problem.
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Question 19 of 60 1.667 Points
The kangaroo rat need never drink water. Which of the following is a normal kidney process that would most facilitate water conservation?
A. Active transport of sodium out of the collecting duct.
B. Active transport of water out of the collecting duct.
C. Active transport of sodium out of the descending limb.
D. Active transport of sodium out of the ascending limb.
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Part 7 of 18 -
Question 20 of 60 1.667 Points
Condi is a physiologist experimenting with nerve cells using microelectrodes. She observed membrane potential of -70mV. What does this suggest?
A. There is a surplus of sodium ions on the inside of the membrane.
B. There is a deficit of proteins on the inside of the membrane.
C. The neuron is firing.
D. There is a surplus of sodium ions on the outside of the membrane.
E. There is a surplus of potassium ions on the outside of the membrane.
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Question 21 of 60 1.667 Points
Nan the anesthetist administered the drug succinylcholine to stop the action of the breathing muscles so that a surgical patient could be mechanically ventilated. The drug substitutes for the body's own acetylcholine. Where would it bind?
A. Synaptic cleft.
B. Postsynaptic receptor.
C. Presynaptic vesicle.
D. Presynaptic membrane.
E. Nerve cell membrane.
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Question 22 of 60 1.667 Points
Condi is a physiologist experimenting with nerve cells using microelectrodes, and she observed a repolarization event. What would initiate repolarization?
A. Outflow of sodium ions.
B. Outflow of potassium ions.
C. Influx of potassium ions.
D. Outflow of negatively charged proteins.
E. Influx of sodium ions.
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Question 23 of 60 1.667 Points
Condi is a physiologist experimenting with nerve cells using microelectrodes. At what phase of neuron activity would she expect to measure the strongest positive membrane potential?
A. Repolarization phase.
B. Action potential phase.
C. Resting membrane potential phase.
D. Threshold potential phase.
E. Stimulus phase.
Question 25 of 60 1.667 Points
Victor inhaled some ammonia that damaged projections on his nasal lining leaving him unable to smell. Likely what was destroyed?
A. Hair cells.
B. Microvilli.
C. Papillae.
D. Epithelium.
E. Cilia.
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Question 26 of 60 1.667 Points
Gabriella is studying the sensory responses of hibernating bears. Which of the following would she classify as a “special” sense?
A. Reaction to a noxious odor.
B. Limb movement away from a pin prick.
C. Shivering in response to a drop in temperature.
D. Limb movement away from a hot probe.
E. Limb movement in response to pressure on the skin.
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Part 9 of 18 -
Question 27 of 60 1.667 Points
Cole is studying bone marrow transplantation and wants to sample red bone marrow from an animal. In what bone would red marrow predominate?
A. Rib.
B. Humerus.
C. Femur.
D. Ulna.
E. Tibia.
Question 29 of 60 1.667 Points
Which of the following would you classify as a hydrostatic skeleton?
A. The body fluids of an earthworm.
B. The spine of a fish.
C. The muscles of a flatworm.
D. The body fluids of a jellyfish.
E. The skull of a reptile.
Question 33 of 60 1.667 Points
Lana has osteoporosis and low estrogen levels, but high FSH levels. The cause of the low estrogen levels is likely traceable to which of the following?
A. Anterior pituitary.
B. Neurosecretory cells.
C. Posterior pituitary.
D. Hypothalamus.
E. Ovary.
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Question 34 of 60 1.667 Points
Masumi suffered from a very poor diet, including iodine deficiency, which resulted in fatigue. The iodine deficiency most likely limits the functioning of which gland?
A. Thyroid.
B. Adrenal cortex.
C. Parathyroid.
D. Thymus.
E. Pancreas.
Question 38 of 60 1.667 Points
Janice ovulates normally but has had difficulty conceiving a child and is to undergo a biopsy -- a sample of tissue will be removed to determine if it responds normally to steroid hormones. Where would be the best location to biopsy?
A. Oviduct.
B. Fallopian tube.
C. Vagina.
D. Ovary.
E. Endometrium.
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Part 12 of 18 -
Question 39 of 60 1.667 Points
Xia is studying the reproduction of an invasive plant on an island. It is reproducing at a rate of 20 percent per year and Xia has estimated that presently there are 5000 plants on the island. If this rate of population growth continues, what is your estimate of the weed population on the island three years from now?
A. 7000.
B. 7200.
C. 9000.
D. 6000.
E. 8640.
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Question 40 of 60 1.667 Points
Nicole is studying a pond weed with a population growth rate of 100 percent per year. It has taken twenty years for the pond weed to cover one half of a lake. How many more years will it take before the pond is completely covered?
A. 15 years.
B. 10 years.
C. 5 years.
D. 1 year.
E. 20 years.
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Question 41 of 60 1.667 Points
Alonso is studying a population of rare orchids and he is concerned about factors that may limit orchid numbers. Which of the following would most likely operate as a density-dependent factor?
A. Drought.
B. Flooding.
C. Predation by snails.
D. Air pollution.
E. Heavy snowfall.
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Question 42 of 60 1.667 Points
Axel is studying a deer population of 1000 animals with a birth rate of 300 per thousand per year and a death rate of 100 per thousand per year. Assuming the population continues to grow at this rate, and assuming no immigration or emigration, what is an estimate of the population size two years from now?
A. 1400.
B. 1350.
C. 1440.
D. 1690.
E. 1200.
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Part 13 of 18 -
Question 43 of 60 1.667 Points
If you were a travel agent designing a tour to view colorful autumn leaf change, which ecosystem would you target?
A. Savanna.
B. Tundra.
C. Temperate deciduous forest.
D. Taiga.
E. Tropical rain forest.
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Question 44 of 60 1.667 Points
If you wished to evaluate global exploitation of coniferous trees, which biome would you focus on?
A. Tropical rain forest.
B. Tundra.
C. Temperate deciduous forest.
D. Savanna.
E. Taiga.
Question 50 of 60 1.667 Points
Lannie is a marine conservation officer who has noticed death of algae in patches of coral and he is concerned about survival of the coral. Why would death of algae result in decimation of coral?
A. Algae require sunlight to survive.
B. Algae form a mat over the coral protecting it from sunlight.
C. Algae contribute to biological diversity.
D. Algae absorb fertilizer and other runoff products.
E. Algae produce photosynthetic products used by coral.
Question 53 of 60 1.667 Points
Exponential growth can only occur when:
A. a population experiences extreme competition for resources.
B. the rate of increase of the population is negative.
C. the birth rate is less than or equal to the death rate.
D. growth conditions are ideal.
Question 59 of 60 1.667 Points
In the Muscle Stimulation lab, electrical stimulation was applied to the muscles and was measured in volts.
True
False
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