Which of the following best reflects the focus of critical constructivism?
a. When the teacher has to criticize a student's work, the emphasis is on giving constructive criticism.
b. To maximize instructional efficiency, a teacher breaks a lesson down into small units, reinforces students for giving correct responses, and gives them a test before allowing them to proceed to the next unit.
c. Because students of color often have lower test scores and grades, a teacher decides to give them less difficult tasks in order to strengthen their self-esteem.
d. A teacher strives to minimize his or her expectations about what students can accomplish based on their racial, ethnic, or SES background.
Ques. 2A second grader is typically uncomfortable with
a. rules that must be followed without exception.
b. teachers who feel a need to repeat rules several times.
c. changing rules as the need arises.
d. having to follow the same rules all the time.
Ques. 3Skylar, who is in eighth grade, and his class are participating in a nationwide science learning project. Students, business professionals, and scientists from across the country communicate via the Internet. They discuss various ways to solve particular problems that are set in realistic contexts. They also have opportunities to solve real problems, like protecting their local environments. Students are exposed to a variety of viewpoints, new information, and alternate solutions. This is an example of meaningful learning according to which of the following theories?
a. social constructivism
b. identical elements
c. cognitive constructivism
d. doctrine of formal discipline
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