The acceptance of a theory as a basis for research depends primarily on its
a. parsimonious explanation of observed facts.
b. usefulness in leading to confirmable hypotheses.
c. consistency with previously established knowledge.
d. ability to point up new areas of investigation.
Ques. 2Which of the following is an acceptable hypothesis?
a. Students taught by the phonics method achieve higher reading scores than students taught by the whole language approach.
b. The phonics method will be better than the whole language approach in elementary reading instruction.
c. Elementary schools should return to the use of phonics in teaching reading.
d. Elementary school teachers prefer the phonics method in teaching reading.
Ques. 3Which of the following hypotheses is directional?
a. There will be a significant relationship between the number of hours students work and their grade point averages.
b. There will be a significant difference in the achievement of students taught by Method A and those taught by Method B.
c. There will be a significant relationship between parent and student reports of family involvement in homework.
d. Students who participate in extracurricular activities will have significantly more positive attitudes toward school than students who do not participate in extracurricular activities.
Ques. 4The tentative speculations that researchers make about the relationship between the variables in a study are called
a. constructs.
c. hypotheses.
b. theories.
d. principles.
Ques. 5A researcher stated the following hypothesis: The new instructional program in middle school social studies will produce more enlightened voters than the traditional program. This hypothesis most violates the criterion that hypotheses should be
a. worthy of investigation.
b. testable.
c. stated as concisely as possible.
d. consistent with the existing body of knowledge.
Ques. 6Educational theories are useful ,in part, because they
a. provide the research methodology.
c. verify observations.
b. generate hypotheses.
d. prove predictions.
Ques. 7Research hypotheses can be derived by reasoning ____ from theories or ____ from observation.
a. inductively, deductively
b. deductively, inductively
Ques. 8If the researcher has a reasonably high expectation concerning the relationship between the variables of the study, he/she would most likely state the hypothesis in a(n) ____ form.
a. interrogative
b. directional
c. nondirectional
d. null
e. objective
Ques. 9The null hypothesis is a hypothesis that
a. predicts that the treatment will have an effect.
b. is denoted by the symbol H1.
c. is always stated in terms of population parameters.
d. all of these are true.
Ques. 10The null hypothesis that is appropriate to state with a
directional research hypothesis asserts that
a. the independent variable has no effect.
b. chance alone is responsible for the observed differences between conditions.
c. the independent variable does not have an effect in the direction predicted by the research hypothesis (H1).
d. b and c.
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