Bertha completed a number of problems for an experiment. Two of the problems had the same underlying structure even though the surface features were different. She was able to adapt the solution for the first problem to the second using ____ problem solving.
a. fixated
b. heuristic
c. analogical
d. transparent
Ques. 2____ refers to any carryover of knowledge or skills from one problem situation to another.
a. Transfer
b. Divergence
c. Inhibition
d. Fixation
Ques. 3____ occurs when solving an earlier problem makes it easier to solve a new problem.
a. Divergent thinking
b. Functional fixedness
c. Negative transfer
d. Positive transfer
Ques. 4____ occurs when solving an earlier problem makes it harder to solve a later one.
a. Divergent thinking
b. Functional fixedness
c. Negative transfer
d. Positive transfer
Ques. 5____ are beliefs that members of a social group tend more or less uniformly to have particular types of characteristics.
a. Biases
b. Stereotypes
c. Negative transfers
d. Hostilities
Ques. 6When people are free of ____, they may recognize that a coat hanger can be reshaped and used to get into a locked car or that spring door locks can be opened using a credit card.
a. functional inhibition
b. divergent thinking
c. introceptive thinking
d. functional fixedness
Ques. 7____ is the inability to realize that something known to have a particular use also may be used to perform other functions.
a. Functional inhibition
b. Divergent thinking
c. Introceptive thinking
d. Functional fixedness
Ques. 8When problem-solvers have a(n) ____, they fixate on a strategy that normally works in solving many problems, but that does not work in solving a particular problem of interest.
a. entrenchment
b. heuristic
c. defacilitator
d. algorithm
Ques. 9____ refers to a cognitive phenomenon in which a person is predisposed to use an existing model for representing information, even when the existing model inadequately represents the information in a new situation.
a. Heuristic facilitation
b. Mental set
c. Algorithm fixedness
d. Stationary thinking
Ques. 10What changes in the right anterior temporal area activation are seen when solving problems requiring insight?
a. Increased activity is associated with insight but not with other types of problem solving.
b. Decreased activity in this area predicts occurrence of insight in participants.
c. Baseline activity in this area predicts success at solving insight problems.
d. Increased activity in this area immediately precedes insight in participants.
Ques. 11fMRI studies have revealed increased activity in _____ when a person experiences insight.
a. Brodmann's areas
b. the dorsilateral prefrontal cortex
c. the right anterior superior-temporal gyrus
d. the occipital lobe
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