In Tomasello's usage-based theory, he emphasizes the importance of _____ _____ in the establishment of reference and joint attention between the child and caregiver.
a. reinforcement contingencies
b. communicative pointing
c. object permanence
d. innate categories
Ques. 2PDP models of language gain support from the
a. priming effect of previously heard words
b. behaviorist principles of operant conditioning
c. shaping effect of input language on language production
d. natural interaction between child and caretaker
Ques. 3Middle class American parents generally socialize communicative competence in all of the following ways EXCEPT
a. playing simple games like peek-a-boo
b. using prompts such as what do you say?
c. using clear, explicit comments about children's errors
d. changing their feedback as children become more competent
Ques. 4Those individuals who advance the view that the roots of language are in gestural communication often claim that spoken language's emergence
a. was based on neural mechanisms previously shaped by a long history of gestural and manual sign communication.
b. occurred through systematic reinforcement of young children's vocal utterances.
c. was completely independent of gestural communication development.
d. was based on the attainment of various cognitive prerequisites for language.
Ques. 5Which of the following is the best example of communicative competence?
a. calling a beagle in a pet store dog
b. saying trick or treat only at Halloween
c. being able to pronounce spaghetti correctly
d. having both listening and speaking skills
Ques. 6A preschooler is downstairs, telling his mother where to find his jacket in an upstairs bedroom. He yells It's right under that but she has no idea what he is talking about. He is demonstrating
a. egocentrism
b. circumlocution
c. language delay
d. indirection
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