Imagine that you are a preschool teacher and want to foster your students' development in a variety of domains. In which of the following areas is canalization most likely to be a significant factor in their development?
a. motor skills
b. social skills
c. counting skills
d. pre-reading skills
Ques. 2Huntington disease and cystic fibrosis are examples of single-gene defects. Individuals who have disorders due to single-gene defects:
a. have one or more complete chromosomes with irregular structures.
b. usually have an error in both genes in the allele pair.
c. usually have an error in one of their dominant genes.
d. have two recessive genes and no dominant gene.
Ques. 3Some physical disabilities are the result of genetic abnormalities. An example is Down syndrome, in which:
a. Children have a defective dominant gene
b. Children have a defective recessive gene
c. Children have an extra chromosome
d. Children are missing a chromosome
Ques. 4Most complex psychological traits in human beings are probably shaped by:
a. Multifactorial trait and environmental experiences
b. Monogenetic inheritance marked by a low degree of canalization
c. Polygenetic inheritance marked by a high degree of canalization
d. Environmental experiences, with only minor constraints due to genetic inheritance
Ques. 5Multifactorial trait refers to a situation in which a trait is influenced by:
a. A gene on the X chromosome
b. A gene on the Y chromosome
c. A single gene from each child's parents
d. Several (or perhaps) many genes
Ques. 6Which one of the following best describes codominance in genes' effects on children's growth and development?
a. One of the alleles associated with a particular physical characteristic is more influential in females; the other is more influential in males.
b. The two alleles associated with a particular physical characteristic both have some influence.
c. A dominant gene temporarily succumbs to a recessive gene's influence, typically as a result of poor nutrition.
d. Two or more recessive genes essentially overpower a dominant genesomething that happens only in males.
Ques. 7The gene for red hair is a recessive gene. Luke has red hair, but neither of his biological parents has red hair. Given this information, we can reasonably guess that:
a. Luke's father has a red-hair gene, but his mother doesn't.
b. Luke's mother has a red-hair gene, but his father doesn't.
c. Each of his parents has one (but only one) red-hair gene.
d. Neither of his parents has a red-hair gene.
Ques. 8Imagine that you are a beginning teacher and learn that your new class of students will include a pair of monozygotic twins. You should expect that:
a. You may need the advice and guidance of a special educator who works with children who have mild mental retardation.
b. They will have greater-than-average susceptibility to common illnesses.
c. They will be noticeably smaller than your other students.
d. You may initially have trouble telling them apart.
Ques. 9When 2-month-old Ranan is fussy, his caregivers can often soothe him by playing music. He seems especially partial to Barry White songs, which his mother often played in the last few weeks of her pregnancy. Which one of the following is the most likely explanation of Ranan's partiality to Barry White music?
a. Ranan was able to hear and remember Barry White songs even before he was born.
b. Barry White has a deep, resonating voice, which male infants (but not female infants) find especially soothing.
c. The music area of the brain becomes activated in the second week of life, and it shows early preferences for certain styles of music.
d. Ranan is showing early signs of giftedness, as recognition of music typically doesn't emerge until about six months of age.
Ques. 10Reproductive cells (sperm in men and ova in women) are different from other human cells in that they:
a. Have an outer coating that can be easily penetrated
b. Have only half as many chromosomes
c. Are tadpole-shaped rather than round
d. Are unaffected by poor nutrition
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