The Lok Sabha, the lower house of parliament, is unable to play a significant role in policy-making for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a. most legislation is introduced by the government.
b. most legislators are beholden to their party leaders.
c. parties maintain tight discipline.
d. parliament's social composition makes this difficult.
e. it can only amend bills.
Q. 2The chief governments that deliver state programs (such as welfare) are
a. counties.
b. special districts.
c. school districts.
d. townships.
Q. 3Which of the following does NOT characterize the Indian policy-making process?
a. When the prime minister's party or bloc of parties controls the legislature, the passage of most legislation is ensured except in very controversial manners.
b. Well-designed national policies are often not implemented because they face resistance from vested interests at all levels, and these interests may simply drag their feet or even actively sabotage the implementation process.
c. In order to get some major controversial legislation passed, the government often has to compromise and modify its position.
d. Civil servants, both in individual ministries and in cross-ministry offices, play a major role in presenting alternative solutions to political leaders.
e. Of the two legislative chambers, the Rajya Sabha can act as the major roadblock in the policy-making process, because its assent is required in the passage of all legislative bills.
Q. 4County supervisors make land use decisions for
a. the entire county.
b. unincorporated areas.
c. special districts.
d. cities.
Q. 5Reservations refers to a
a. a system in which a percentage of political and administrative positions are reserved for women and other underprivileged groups.
b. a tradition by which the parliament reserves the right to name the cabinet, although this role normally falls to the prime minister.
c. the constitutional allowance by which the national government reserves the right to intervene in state politics.
d. the traditional right of the Indian government to intervene in the affairs of firms that are deemed to be of national importance.
e. the constitutional allowance by which the president reserves the right to act as the country's commander-in-chief, although this role normally falls to the prime minister.
Q. 6Most Californians live in counties governed under
a. state law.
b. general laws.
c. charters.
d. executive orders.
Q. 7Which of the following is NOT true about India's federal system?
a. Under the Indian federal system, states formally control agriculture and education although their actual power is limited as they are dependent upon the central government for funds in these areas.
b. States have demanded the devolution of power from the national government, a greater allocation of resources from the central government, and recognition of their distinctive cultural identities.
c. Economic liberalization has allowed states to pursue foreign investment independently of the national government, thus resulting in widening regional disparities.
d. Centralstate relations are particularly intense when conflicting parties are in power at each level.
e. Under India's federal system, the resources and planning and authority capabilities of local governments are very significant.
Q. 8California's county boundaries have stayed the same for about
a. 20 years.
b. 50 years.
c. 110 years.
d. 150 years.
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