Which of the following represents a way to create a sense of national identity that is independent of influences from one's immediate community?
A. encouraging religious activities
B. strengthening kinship bonds between individuals
C. promoting education in the national language
D. emphasizing the primordial approach to explain political differences
E. restricting political rights to the dominant ethnic group
Q. 2Why did Brazil's white rulers hesitate to enact discriminatory and segregationist public policies that were applied in the Unites States?
A. because blacks in Brazil comprised a far larger proportion of the population than blacks in the United States
B. because blacks in Brazil and United states were equally proportionate in number
C. because all black slaves in the United States fled to Brazil after the civil war
D. because the blacks in Brazil, unlike those in the United States, had not experienced slavery
E. because the blacks in Brazil were protected under the Jim Crow laws
Q. 3In the United States, after the Civil War, many states passed Jim Crow laws that ________.
A. depoliticized racial identity
B. consisted of nondiscriminatory laws for political stability
C. released all black slaves to return to normal life
D. provided equal rights as the whites to black people
E. segregated and discriminated against anyone who looked even a little bit black
Q. 4If racial divisions were primordial, then ________.
A. people with differing political identities would actively construct their political
identities
B. people would consider racial identity to be a spectrum with intermediate categories
for people belonging to two or more races
C. people would fail to understand the political significance of racial differences
D. people would use a rigid color line to determine if someone was white or black
E. people would be able to determine their political identity irrespective of their
physical features
Q. 5Which of the following perspectives pushes us to examine how efforts to acquire and consolidate political power can transform the social context and politicize different forms of identity?
A. constructivist
B. primordialist
C. imperialist
D. feudalist
E. cymbalist
Q. 6In contrast to Americans, Brazilians ________.
A. adopt a purely primordial approach to assessing racial differences
B. utilize a rigid color line to categorize individuals as white or black
C. refrain from dividing people into just two groups, black and white
D. presuppose that political significance results solely from another person's physical or
other visible attributes
E. tend to overemphasize racial differences which reflects in their strongly
segregationist policies
Q. 7Constructivism differs from primordialism in that, constructivism ________.
A. emphasizes that political identities are permanent and unchanging
B. assumes that group membership automatically elicits group loyalty
C. offers an intuitive explanation for the sources of political identity: you're born with it
D. suggests that individuals are completely free to choose their identity
E. assumes individuals attribute political importance to pre-existing forms of identity
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