The germinal period ends approximately two days after conception. two months after conception. ...

Answer to q. 1

two weeks after conception.

Answer to q. 2

germinal, embryonic, fetal.

Answer to q. 3

Answers will vary, but should include the commitment to raise the child, agreeing on
ways to raise the child, etc.

Answer to q. 4

Reflexes that are not necessary for survival but that are nonetheless important as
indicators of brain and body function are: Babinski reflex, the stepping reflex, the
swimming reflex, the Palmar grasping reflex, and the Moro reflex. Students should
be able to provide a brief description of what each of these reflexes looks like.

Answer to q. 5

Couvade is the condition in which fathers experience the symptoms of pregnancy
and birth. Answers as to benefits to the family will vary, but could include such things
as ensuring an easy birth, helping to keep the mother calm, and helping with
communication between the partners about the pregnancy.

Answer to q. 6

Teratology is the study of birth defects. Risk analysis is a complex scientific method
which evaluates the chances that a particular teratogen will affect the fetus. There
are many factors involved in this analysis including the health of the mother, the
substances that will cross the placenta from mother to fetus, prenatal care, etc. Over
10,000 animal and human studies have shown that hundreds of teratogens exist.
Teratogens include diseases, drugs, environmental pollutants, stress, malnutrition,
poor living conditions, etc. The answer should also explain that behavioral
teratogens are those which lead specifically to behavioral or social problems.