Joan has difficulty tying the knots for the sails on her sailboat. According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Joan could benefit most from
a. the assistance of her mother, an expert sailor, to help in tying knots.
b. a technical manual that illustrates the various ways to tie knots.
c. exercises to improve finger dexterity that would help Joan to tie knots more efficiently.
d. a programmed learning course that models the procedures for tying knots.
Question 2As the result of wars and conflicts between 1990 and 2000, perhaps as many as ________ million children lost their lives.
a. 1 c. 6
b. 2 d. 12
Question 3When caregivers carefully monitor the support they provide in helping a child complete an activity that the child is eventually able to do on his or her own, they are demonstrating the concept of ________, according to Lev Vygotsky.
a. modeling c. concrete operations
b. zone of proximal development d. perspective taking
Question 4________, violence puts youth at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse.
a. If television is the source of exposure c. If peers are the source of exposure
b. If parents are the source of exposure d. Regardless of the source of exposure
Question 5Scaffolding involves a situation where
a. children learn by imitating a large number of people in their immediate sociocultural environment.
b. children are gradually reinforced for displaying behaviors appropriate to their culture.
c. parents or teachers provide direct instruction.
d. children learn with the occasional assistance and guidance of experts, usually parents.
Question 6Gangs in the United States are estimated to number nearly
a. 280 c. 28,000.
b. 2,800 d. 280,000.
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