Differential treatment for similar behavior by different categories of people within a single society
a. is further proof that deviance is a property of the act.
b. is further proof that deviance depends on the reaction of the audience.
c. illustrates that it is the act that determines whether behavior is seen as deviant.
d. proves that the audience's reaction to the act is insignificant.
Question 2Deviance is
a. a property inherent in a particular kind of behavior.
b. an absolute notion.
c. a relative notion.
d. independent of how others react to it.
Question 3According to Durkheim, the true function of punishment is
a. to prevent future crimes.
b. to reassert the importance of the rule being violated.
c. to satisfy the need for revenge.
d. all of the above.
Question 4A strength of the labeling theory is
a. it concentrates on the role of societal reaction in the creation of deviance.
b. it focuses on the question of causation.
c. it disregards undetected deviance.
d. it assumes all deviants are normal.
Question 5According to labeling theory, the criminal is
a. a product of the judicial system.
b. a maladjusted lower-class person.
c. a result of blaming the victim.
d. an outgrowth of differential association.
Question 6According to labeling theory, the behavior that occurs prior to labeling is called ________ .
a. secondary deviance.
b. residual deviance.
c.
d. primary deviance.
tertiary deviance
Question 7The most serious deficiency of labeling theory is that
a. it insists that some people are dangerous.
b. it focuses on some types of deviance but ignores others.
c. it emphasizes the individual's responsibility for the deviant act.
d. its preoccupation is with the crimes of the well-to-do.
Question 8Previous criminal offenders are arrested, on the average, ________ after leaving prison.
a. six weeks
b. six months
c. one year
d. two years
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