How have the Most Industrialized Nations affected the Least Industrialized Nations in Stage 2 of the ...

Answer to q. 1

Technology (i.e., public health measures, highly productive farming materials and methods) transferred from the Most Industrialized Nations caused the sharp decline in the death rate experienced by countries in Stage 2. Although this is a positive effect, the birth rates continue to be high, creating a population explosion. The Most Industrialized Nations have not been very successful in the exportation of the technology to reduce birth rates. This is primarily because high birth rates are closely associated with many nations' cultural values. While the positive aspects of greater food production, medicine, and other necessities are welcomed, changing cultural values are not prone to being embraced. The result is high birth rates combined with declining death rates that have even a greater impact on the population of countries in Stage 2 today than it did as Western civilizations developed.

Answer to q. 2

class consciousness

Answer to q. 3

beliefs such as equality and group superiority are inconsistent, as are beliefs in humanitarianism and achievement, activity and leisure, science and religion, and other examples from the text. We can hold opposite values at the same time because we apply them situationally. For example, we value success but don't care how it is achieved, we may value freedom more for ourselves (it's ok for our friends to be gay) but not others (we may be less tolerant of homosexuality in general), we believe science can save us but also believe in salvation through religion. These contrasts exemplify the both/and perspective.

Answer to q. 4

Self

Answer to q. 5

A functional equivalent of religion is a substitute that serves the same functions or meets the same needs as religion. Examples of the functional equivalent include psychotherapy, Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, humanism, transcendental meditation, devotion to an American political party, and the Communist Party.

Answer to q. 6

unilinear and multilinear