Identify two adaptations in different living organisms and use natural selection to explain how each ...

Answer to q. 1

Example 1: The long, flexible tongue of a frog is an adaptation for catching insects. In a
population of frogs much genetic variation would exist with respect to tongue length.
However, those frogs having longer tongues would be able to catch more insects than the
short-tongued frogs which might be weak and even starve. Over many generations frogs
having long tongues would most likely thrive and produce more offspring than frogs having
short tongues, and consequently the long-tongue trait would become more and more
prevalent in the population.
Example 2: The thick coat of the polar bear is an adaptation for surviving low temperatures.
In a population of polar bears much genetic variation would exist among coat thickness.
However, those bears having a thinner coat would be more adversely affected by the low
temperatures, for example they might be sickly, be less fertile, and even die. Over many
generations, bears having thicker coats would most likely thrive and produce more offspring
than thin-coated bears, and consequently the thick-coated trait would become more and more
prevalent in the population.

Answer to q. 2

Information transfer occurs when 1) traits are passed to the next generation, 2) when one
individual communicates with another, 3) when one portion of a cell communicates with
another portion, and 4) when one part of a multicellular organism communicates with another
part.
For example, in sexual reproduction the genetic information from the parents is transmitted to
the offspring. The information in those genes is then used to determine what proteins are
made and consequently how that cell develops. Lastly, a cell may produce a hormone or a
neurotransmitter that provides information of various kinds to other cells.

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