The work of Reznick and Endler with guppies shows all of the following EXCEPT that

The work of Reznick and Endler with guppies
  shows all of the following EXCEPT that
  a. life history traits can be inherited.
  b. life history traits evolve.
  c. life history traits can be altered over a short
  period of time.
  d. predation does not influence the
  modification of life history traits.
  e. life history traits are coded for in DNA.

Question 2

Organisms that demonstrate type I
  survivorship are characterized by
  a. high r, small offspring.
  b. low r, small offspring.
  c. low r, large offspring.
  d. high r, large offspring.
  e. low r, large population size