New alleles arise by (Multiple Choice)

Answer to q. 1

a

Answer to q. 2

a. New traits develop through the process of gene mutations. When a mutation occurs, it may result in an adaptive allele. Genes that are not conserved are the basis of major phenotypic differences that define species.
b. When a mutation occurs that results in an adaptive trait, this contributes to natural selection with the adaptive allele being passed on to future generations. As stated in Table 16.1: A certain form of a shared trait may make its bearer better able to survive and individuals of a population that are better able to survive tend to leave more offspring. Thus, an allele associated with an adaptive trait tends to become more
common in a population over time.
c. The more recently two lineages diverged, the less time there has been for unique mutations to accumulate in the DNA of each one. That is why the genomes of closely related species tend to be more similar than those of distantly related onesa general rule that can be used to estimate relative times of divergence.

Perfect on my quiz, so smart <3