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A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial ...

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A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial ...

A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K⁺) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na⁺) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the “flu” for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency?

▸ Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space.

▸ Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis.

▸ Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis.

▸ Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss.

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Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults and Children

Edition: 8^th

Authors: McCance, Huether

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