Animation - Antigenic Determinants (Epitopes)

What is the advantage of having more than one antibody attack the same structure?

Antibodies recognize specific areas of antigens called epitopes. Several different antibodies can attack antigens in different areas. If an antigen evolves a different structure a specific antibody may no longer be able recognize and bind to it. The antigen is much less likely to evolve differences at all the different binding sites than at just one epitope. Having multiple antibodies for a single antigen makes it more difficult for pathogens to evolve a form that is not recognized by the host. The coating of an antigen with multiple antibodies also means that it may be recognized and destroyed more rapidly by other components of the immune system.

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