Slaves in the American South tended to have shorter lives than whites. How much shorter and why?

Slaves in the American South tended to have shorter lives than whites. The combination of lower living standards, greater exposure, heavier labor, and poorer medical care gave slaves a higher mortality rate than whites. Slaves were often overworked, malnourished, and exposed to diseases, which led to a higher incidence of illness and death. The average life expectancy for a slave in the United States was 36 years, while the average life expectancy for a white person was 50 years.

In summary, slaves in the American South had a significantly shorter life expectancy than whites due to lower living standards, greater exposure, heavier labor, and poorer medical care.