List and explain two ways hormones affect their targets.

Hormones are chemical messengers which invoke changes in the target cells.There are generally two ways of doing this:
1.Activation of enzymes n other molecules.
2.Modulation of gene expression.
Enzymes have the ability to bring a change in its state and they use this ability to bring to cause the activation of a number of enzymes .This would bring a change in the cell.
A cells phenotype could be alterde by bringing change at the transcription level.A new set of proteins rse produced. If the old genes are shut of then those proteins will not be formed.
This is how the hormones affect their targets.

Second messenger systems activated by peptide hormones modify existing proteins or activate gene transcription to synthesize new proteins. Steroid hormones activate gene transcription to synthesize new proteins, and like peptide hormones, some steroids have nongenomic responses.

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