When in dihybrid crosses, the epistatic interactions occur between two genes, less than four phenotypes appear in F2. Such bigenic (two genes) epistatic interactions may be of following types:
1. Dominant Epistasis (12: 3 : 1)
- In your case, you get 37 : 10 : 3 : 1 or... 12:3:1When out of two genes, the dominant allele (e. g., A) of one gene masked the activity of alleles of another gene (e. g., B) and expressed itself phenotypically, then A gene locus is said to be epistatic to the B gene locus. Because, the dominant allele A can express itself only in the presence of either B or b allele, therefore, such type of epistatis is termed as dominant epistatis. The alleles of hypostatic locus or gene B will be able to express themselves phenotypically only when gene locus A may contain two recessive alleles (aa). Thus, the genotype AA BB or Aa Bb and AA bb or Aa bb produce the same phenotype whereas the genotype aa BB or aa Bb and aa bb produce two additional phenotypes. The dominant epistasis modify the classical ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 into 12 : 3 : 1 ratio.
http://www.microbiologyprocedure.com/genetics/genetic-interaction/kinds-of-epistatic-interaction.htmA is the number of flies with both dominant phenootypes
B is the umber of flies with one homozygous recessive phenotype
C is the number of flies with the other homozygous recessive phenotype
D is the number of flies with both homzoygous recessive phenotypes.
For coupling cross: Use the formula Z = B*C / A*D
For repulsion cross Z = A*D/ B*C
Map units = [recominants / total] * 100 = x map units