How to tell which entropy change is biggest?

This question is not answerable as written.  You do not even know the sign of the entropy change for the first two or the fifth type of process.   I assume all these processes refer to a closed system, so there is no exchange of matter with the surroundings.

The entropy change for a constant-volume process depends on the change in temperature and pressure for that process, as well as whether it's reversible process.


The entropy change for a constant-pressure e process depends on the change in temperature and volume for that process, as well as whether it's reversible process.

The entropy change for a *reversible* adiabatic process is zero.  The entopy change for a system undergoing an irreversible adiabatic process is > 0.  That's as much as you can say with the information given.

A process in which there is no exchange of thermal energy (heat) is the the definition of an adiabatic process.  See above.

A process in which no work is done (assuming we are only talking about mechanical work, w = p dV)) is one in which either the system expands irreversibly into a vacuum (a free expansion), or one in which the volume of the system is constant.  For the latter case, see the answer for a constant-volume process.  For the case of a free expansion, the entropy change is positive, but the magnitude depends on the size of the system (the ratio of the final to the initial volumes of the system).