1. ATP is used in the cell to transfer energy. Indicate if the following statements about ATP are true or false.
When ATP is used in a reaction, the last phosphate is transferred to the substrate. TrueFalse
Release of the last phosphate from ATP is endergonic TrueFalse
Once phosphates are released from ATP they can be added back in an endergonic reaction TrueFalse
Creatine-P to creatine has a ?G of -11kcal/mole and thus can be used to generate ATP from ADP. TrueFalse
When ATP is hydrolyzed to form ADP, the energy is released into the cytoplasm where enzymes use it to run endergonic reactions TrueFalse
2. The reaction: ATP to ADP + Pi releases 7.3 kcal/mol of energy. For each reaction indicate how much ATP the reaction would require or generate.
Requires 1ATP:
A. 1,3 biphosphoglycerate to glyceraldhyde 3-P
-12.5kcal/mol
B. Active transport of Na ion +9.4 k/cal/mol
C.Glucose to G-6-P
D. Creatine to creatine-P +11kcal/mol
E. PEP to pyruvate -14.8kcal/mol
Requires 2ATP:
A. 1,3 biphosphoglycerate to glyceraldhyde 3-P
-12.5kcal/mol
B. Active transport of Na ion +9.4 k/cal/mol
C.Glucose to G-6-P
D. Creatine to creatine-P +11kcal/mol
E. PEP to pyruvate -14.8kcal/mol
Generates 1ATP:
A. 1,3 biphosphoglycerate to glyceraldhyde 3-P
-12.5kcal/mol
B. Active transport of Na ion +9.4 k/cal/mol
C.Glucose to G-6-P
D. Creatine to creatine-P +11kcal/mol
E. PEP to pyruvate -14.8kcal/mol
3. When a biological molecule is oxidized, the electrons are often captured by NAD. With that knowledge, identify if the substrate in each reaction is being oxidized or reduced.
Reduced:
A.Ethanol +2NAD->Acetic Acid +2NADH
B. Malate +NAD ->Oxaloacetate +NADH
C. Pyruvate + NADH ->Lactate +NAD
D. Isocitrate + NAD -> alpha ketoglutarate + CO2 +NADH
E. Diphosphoglycerate + NADH -> Glyceraldehyde phosphate + NAD
Oxidized:
A.Ethanol +2NAD->Acetic Acid +2NADH
B. Malate +NAD ->Oxaloacetate +NADH
C. Pyruvate + NADH ->Lactate +NAD
D. Isocitrate + NAD -> alpha ketoglutarate + CO2 +NADH
E. Diphosphoglycerate + NADH -> Glyceraldehyde phosphate + NAD
4. Identify the method of regulation that is used in each example.
1. Athletes who train at high altitudes produce more of the protein erythropoetin (EPO) which results in increased red blood cell production.
A.Cellular regulation
B.Biochemical regulation
C.Gene regulation
2. In an animal cell, fats are primarily metabolized in mitochondria and synthesized in the cytoplasm.
A.Cellular regulation
B.Gene regulation
C.Biochemical regulation
3. Most adults have lactose intolerance unless they continuously consume dairy products, increasing their production of the enzyme lactase.
A.Gene regulation
B.Biochemical regulation
C.Cellular regulation
4. Insulin increases cellular uptake and storage of glucose.
A.Cellular regulation
B.Biochemical regulation
C.Gene regulation
5. Cholesterol inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis.
A.Gene regulation
B.Biochemical regulation
C.Cellular regulation
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