What are the four groups of organic macromolecules found in living things and their corresponding monomers?

The four types of macromolecules: proteins (think muscle tissue), lipids (think beer gut), carbohydrates (think starch, like the inside of a potato), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
The monomers:
-Proteins: amino acids
-Carbohydrates: sugars
-Lipids: fatty acids
-Nucleic acids: nucleotides

The idea of macromolecules (or "polymers") and monomers is a really simple idea that scientists invented really complicated words to explain. All it is is a long chain made up of very similar repeating subunits. You've been working with that idea since you were a little kid building things out of legos, tinker toys, blocks, and lincoln logs.
Think of a train with all its boxcars. The protein is the train, the amino acids are the boxcars. The carbohydrate is the train, the sugars are the boxcars. The nucleic acid is the train, the nucleotides are the boxcars. The lipid is the train, the fatty acids are the boxcars.
Actually, all your body is doing when you take in food and your body "breaks it down" is unhitching the boxcars. You have specific enzymes to break down (unhitch) the carbohydrate train into its individual boxcars (sugars). The same with proteins and lipids. And of course there are the ones that unhitch your nucleic acids when your cells divide and you need to make more DNA for the new cells.
Hope this helps . . . both to explain and to give you a big picture for how it all fits together.

Lipids-           Hydrocarbons
Carbohydrates-           Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen in a Cn(H2O)n (where 'n' is any whole number, i.e. C6(H2O)6 = 6 carbons, 12 hydrogens, and 6 oxygens)
           Proteins-           Amino Acids
   Nucleic acids-  Nucleotides-  phosphate, sugar, and
                                    nitrogenous base

Carbohydrates (monomer is glucose)
Lipids( Monomer is fatty acid)
Protein (monomer is amino acid)
Nucleic acids ( monomer is neucleotide)