The nurse is assessing a patient with chronic heart failure. Which abnormal ches

4. crackles

Crackles are associated with left sided heart failure due to fluid buildup and it is heard when the patient breathes. This is also found with those patients with pneumonia.

Wheezing is commonly found in those with emphysema or asthma in the lower airway of the respiratory tract and COPD or Laryngeal edema in the upper tract. Friction Rub is heard when the heart itself is inflamed and presses against itself. The harsh vesicular is a pretty often type of breathing, everyone experiences it every once in a while from vigorous exercise or a patient may breathe this way because they have a thin chest wall.   

Fluid accumulates in the alveolar spaces with left-sided heart failure. This fluid causes the sound of crackles at the end of inspiration. Expiratory wheezes, friction rub, and harsh vesicular sounds are not associated with chronic heart failure.