Returning to Homeostasis

When the osmolarity of your blood increases, meaning less water and more solutes, osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus makes you thirsty, in which you drink water in order for your body to gain more water in its blood. Also, in the pituitary gland, antidiuretic hormones (ADH) is released and it dilates the tubules in the kidneys which increase permeability in order to reabsorb even more water. This mechanism helps maintain water balance by making your fluids hypoosmotic or hyperosmotic to your environment, thus maintaining homeostasis.


This has to do with the antidiuretic hormone. The single most important effect of antidiuretic hormone is to conserve body water by reducing the loss of water in urine. A diuretic is an agent that increases the rate of urine formation. Injection of small amounts of antidiuretic hormone into a person or animal results in antidiuresis or decreased formation of urine, and the hormone was named for this effect. Antidiuretic hormone binds to receptors on cells in the collecting ducts of the kidney and promotes reabsorption of water back into the circulation. In the absence of antidiuretic hormone, the collecting ducts are virtually impermeable to water, and it flows out as urine. Antidiuretic hormone stimulates water reabsorbtion by stimulating insertion of "water channels" or aquaporins into the membranes of kidney tubules. These channels transport solute-free water through tubular cells and back into blood, leading to a decrease in plasma osmolarity and an increase osmolarity of urine.  Drinking large volumes would result in diuresis - large volumes of urine would be produced and ADH would NOT be released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland since ADH is only released when the body needs to conserve water and reabsorb it in the kidneys.


They contain electrolytes which replace the minerals lost during high sport activity (i.e. sodium and potassium) which are lost in sweat and urine.

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