Okay, I finished the lab review sheet-here it is.... I am going to go back and do that emphysema spirometry one more time to see if I made a mistake regarding the IRV levels. 
Review Sheet Results
1. What lung values changed (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient with emphysema was
selected? Why did these values change as they did? How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
The values that change for the patient with emphysema are ERV, IRV, RV, FVC, FEV1 and the FEV1 (%). These changes
are due to the loss of elastic recoil.
2. Which of these two parameters changed more for the patient with emphysema, the FVC or the FEV1?
Your answer:
The FVC decreased by 35% which was more than the FEV1 which decreased by 30%.
3. What lung values changed (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient experiencing an acute
asthma attack was selected? Why did these values change as they did? How well did the results compare with your
prediction?
Your answer:
I predicted correctly. All these values changed because asthma causes airway resistance which reduces how much air is
inspired and expired, and how much air is left in reserve.Total lung capacity is not reduced, although it is not be all being
utilized.
4. How is having an acute asthma attack similar to having emphysema? How is it different?
Your answer:
Both asthma and emphysema are obtructive diseases:they limit the flow of air. In emphysema, however, lungs tissues have
lost elastic recoil making expiration more difficult in addition to the airway obstruction caused by the damage to alveoli.
5. Describe the effect that the inhaler medication had on the asthmatic patient. Did all spirogram values return to "normal"?
Why do you think some values did not return all the way to normal? How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
Not all of the values returned to normal. IRV,RV,FVC,FEV1, returned to near normal levels.
Although the bronchodilater takes care of the broncospasms, there is still remaining mucus and residual inflammation.
When making my prediction, I forgot to take these remaining factors into consideration
6. How much of an increase in FEV1 do you think is required for it to be considered significantly improved by the
medication?
Your answer:
I think about 10-15% increase in FEV1 would show a that the mediciation had caused a significant improvement.
7. With moderate aerobic exercise, which changed more from normal breathing, the ERV or the IRV? How well did the
results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
I predicted correctly that ERV would change more during aerobic exercise. This is because when a person is exercising,
they have to use more effort to exhale.
8. Compare the breathing rates during normal breathing, moderate exercise, and heavy exercise.
Your answer:
During normal breathing most normal adults breathe at a rate of 12 breaths per minute. During moderate exercise breathing
rates increase, but tidal volumes increase more. During heavy exercise both breathing rates and tidal volumes increase to
maximum tolerable levels.
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