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alatq33 alatq33
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14 years ago
1.
Compare and contrast bacterial transformation by chromosomal fragments and conjugation which
involves transfer of chromosomal DNA fragments (that is, conjugation involving HFR donors; HFR donors are those with
the Fertility Factor integrated in the chromosome). Use complete sentences. In both A and B below, transformation and
conjugation refer to these two cases specifically and not to other examples of transformation or conjugation.


A. List two ways that transformation and conjugation are similar:

B. List four ways that transformation and conjugation are dissimilar. Tell how they are different in each
transformation and conjugation.

2.
Name five enzymes or other proteins you would expect a phage or animal virus chromosome to
encode. This question does not mean that the protein must be encoded by both phages and animal viruses. Either/or is
accceptable.
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wrote...
Educator
14 years ago Edited: 14 years ago, bio_man
Transformation:

- During this process, genes are transferred from one bacterium to another as “naked” DNA in solution.
- This process was first demonstrated in Streptococcus pneumoniae and occurs naturally among a few genera of bacteria.

Conjugation in Bacteria:

- This process requires contact between living cells.
- One type of genetic donor cell is an F+; recipient cells are F–. F cells contain plasmids called F factors;
these are transferred to the F– cells during conjugation.
- When the plasmid becomes incorporated into the chromosome, the cell is called an Hfr (high frequency
of recombination) cell.
- During conjugation, an Hfr cell can transfer chromosomal DNA to an F– cell. Usually, the Hfr chromosome
breaks before it is fully transferred.

Conjugation Animation

For part 2:

Replication proteins (i.e. DNA polymerase)
Integument Proteins
Envelope glycoprotein
Viral envelope and capsid proteins
Receptor Proteins
Nucleocapsid proteins

For phages: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_phage#Control_of_phage_genome_excision_in_induction
wrote...
Educator
14 years ago
Here is a great animation depicting this process:

http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter14/steps_in_the_replication_of_t4_phage_in_e__coli.html
alatq33 Author
wrote...
14 years ago
oh, wow. Thanks bio_man. I love the videos! They make it so much easier to understand Smiling Face with Open Mouth
wrote...
Educator
14 years ago
Haha, they've been around for a long time. Just don't confuse T4 with T2 phages, they are totally different.
alatq33 Author
wrote...
14 years ago
So if there was a question asking the difference comparing with transduction...how does that work? Are the similarities from transformation and conjugation the same as transduction? I'm kind of blur on transduction....
wrote...
Educator
14 years ago
For transduction, DNA is passed from one bacterium to another in a bacteriophage and is then incorporated into the recipient’s DNA. In generalized transduction, any bacterial genes can be transferred; in specialized transduction, only specific genes can be transferred.
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