Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2e (Tro)
Chapter 1 Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving
Mastering Chemistry
Multiple Choice Questions1) Molecules can be described as
A) mixtures of two or more pure substances.
B) mixtures of two or more elements that has a specific ratio between components.
C) two or more atoms chemically joined together.
D) heterogeneous mixtures.
E) homogeneous mixtures.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.1
2) Give the composition of water.
A) two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms
B) one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom
C) two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
D) one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.1
3) Which of the following represents a hypothesis?
A) Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
B) Nitrogen gas is a fairly inert substance.
C) Nickel has a silvery sheen.
D) When a substance combusts, it combines with air.
E) When wood burns, heat is given off.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.2
4) Which of the following represents a valid hypothesis?
A) Neon does not react with oxygen.
B) Sodium metal reacts violently with water.
C) Lead is soft and malleable.
D) Oxygen is a gas at room temperature.
E) Metals tend to lose electrons.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.2
5) The statement, "In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed" is called
A) the Law of Conservation of Mass.
B) Dalton's Atomic Theory.
C) the Scientific Method.
D) the Law of Multiple Proportions.
E) the Law of Definite Proportions.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.2
6) Dalton's Atomic Theory states
A) that all elements have several isotopes.
B) that matter is composed of small indestructible particles.
C) that the properties of matter are determined by the properties of atoms.
D) that energy is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.
E) that an atom is predominantly empty space.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.2
7) The Scientific Method
A) is just a theory.
B) is a strict set of rules and procedures that lead to inarguable fact.
C) isn't used much in modern chemistry.
D) is based on continued observation and experiment.
E) is a framework for proving an argument you know to be true.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.2
8) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) A scientific law is fact.
B) Once a theory is constructed, it is considered fact.
C) A hypothesis is speculation that is difficult to test.
D) An observation explains why nature does something.
E) A scientific law summarizes a series of related observations.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.2
9) Identify a liquid.
A) definite volume and definite shape
B) definite volume and no definite shape
C) no definite shape and definite volume
D) no definite shape and no definite volume
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
10) Identify a solid.
A) copper
B) oxygen
C) water
D) nitrogen
E) air
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
11) Identify a liquid.
A) oxygen
B) copper
C) salt
D) mercury
E) sugar
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
12) Which of the following statements about crystalline and amorphous solids is TRUE?
A) A crystalline solid is composed of atoms or molecules arranged with long-range repeating order.
B) An example of a crystalline solid is glass.
C) An example of an amorphous solid is table salt (NaCl).
D) An amorphous solid is composed of atoms or molecules with a majority of its volume empty.
E) All of the above statements are TRUE.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
13) Which of the following statements about the phases of matter is TRUE?
A) In both solids and liquids, the atoms or molecules pack closely to one another.
B) Solids are highly compressible.
C) Gaseous substances have long-range repeating order.
D) There is only one type of geometric arrangement that the atoms or molecules in any solid can adopt.
E) Liquids have a large portion of empty volume between molecules.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
14) Choose the pure substance from the list below.
A) sea water
B) sugar
C) air
D) lemonade
E) milk
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
15) Choose the pure substance from the list below.
A) tea
B) a casserole
C) carbon monoxide
D) sugar water
E) pomegranate juice
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
16) A substance that can't be chemically broken down into simpler substances is
A) a homogeneous mixture.
B) an element.
C) a heterogeneous mixture.
D) a compound.
E) an electron.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
17) A substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed, definite proportion is
A) a homogeneous mixture.
B) a heterogeneous mixture.
C) a compound.
D) a solution.
E) an alloy.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
18) Choose the element from the list below.
A) sodium chloride
B) water
C) carbon dioxide
D) helium
E) rust
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
19) Choose the compound from the list below.
A) magnesium
B) water
C) neon
D) helium
E) lithium
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
20) Decanting is
A) a process in which the more volatile liquid is boiled off.
B) dissolving a solid into a liquid.
C) separating a solid from a liquid by pouring off the liquid.
D) pouring a mixture through a filter paper to separate the solid from the liquid.
E) heating a mixture of two solids to fuse them together.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
21) Two or more substances in variable proportions, where the composition is constant throughout are
A) a compound.
B) an element.
C) a heterogeneous mixture.
D) a homogeneous mixture.
E) a crystalline solid.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
22) Two or more substances in variable proportions, where the composition is variable throughout are
A) a solution.
B) a homogeneous mixture.
C) a compound.
D) an amorphous solid..
E) a heterogeneous mixture.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
23) Choose the heterogeneous mixture from the list below.
A) sports drink
B) chlorine gas
C) black coffee
D) chicken noodle soup
E) carbon (graphite)
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
24) Choose the homogeneous mixture from the list below.
A) cola
B) mud
C) ice water
D) salad dressing
E) salsa
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.3
25) Choose the homogeneous mixture from the list below.
A) soda (pop)
B) air
C) concrete
D) trail mix
E) blood
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 2 Page Ref: 1.3
26) Which of the following are examples of physical change?
A) sugar is dissolved in water
B) coffee is brewed
C) dry ice sublimes
D) ice (solid water) melts
E) All of these are examples of physical change.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.4
27) Which of the following are examples of physical change?
A) dew forms on a blade of grass
B) a halloween light stick glows after shaking
C) an egg solidifies during cooking
D) a hydrogen balloon explodes when contacted with a flame
E) None of the above are physical changes.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.4
28) Which of the following are examples of a chemical change?
A) copper building materials develop a green patina over time
B) a match burns
C) ethanol evaporates
D) Both A and B are examples of chemical change.
E) All of the above are examples of chemical change.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.4
29) Which of the following are examples of a chemical change?
A) coffee brewing
B) water boiling
C) leaves turning color in the fall
D) salt dissolves in water
E) None of the above are chemical changes.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.4
30) A physical change
A) occurs when iron rusts.
B) occurs when sugar is heated into caramel.
C) occurs when glucose is converted into energy within your cells.
D) occurs when water is evaporated.
E) occurs when propane is burned for heat.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.4
31) A chemical change
A) occurs when methane gas is burned.
B) occurs when paper is shredded.
C) occurs when water is vaporized.
D) occurs when salt is dissolved in water.
E) occurs when powdered lemonade is stirred into water.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.4
32) Which of the following represents a physical property?
A) Sodium metal is extremely reactive with chlorine gas.
B) Mercury is a silvery liquid at room temperature.
C) Aluminum has a tendency to "rust."
D) Butane is highly flammable.
E) Argon has an unreactive nature.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.4
33) Which of the following represents a chemical property of hydrogen gas?
A) It is gaseous at room temperature.
B) It is less dense than air.
C) It reacts explosively with oxygen.
D) It is colorless.
E) It is tasteless.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.4
34) Which of the following statements about energy is FALSE?
A) Energy can be converted from one type to another.
B) The total energy of a system remains constant.
C) Kinetic energy is the energy associated with its position or composition.
D) Energy is the capacity to do work.
E) Systems tend to change in order to lower their potential energy.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.5
35) Define thermal energy.
A) energy associated with the temperature of an object
B) energy associated with the motion of an object
C) energy associated with the force of an object
D) energy associated with the gravity of an object
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.5
36) All of the following are SI base units of measurement, EXCEPT
A) meter
B) gram
C) second
D) kelvin
E) mole
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.6
37) Identify the unit of measurement which is a SI base unit of measurement.
A) second
B) Celsius
C) cup
D) pound
E) yard
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.6
38) Kilogram is a measure of
A) mass
B) time
C) temperature
D) length
E) volume
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.6
39) Which of the following are examples of intensive properties?
A) density
B) volume
C) mass
D) None of the above are examples of intensive properties.
E) All of the above are examples of intensive properties.
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.6
40) Which of the following are examples of extensive properties?
A) mass
B) color
C) density
D) temperature
E) taste
Answer:
See AttachmentDiff: 1 Page Ref: 1.6