Which of these statements best describes the new countries created as colonized peoples won ...

Which of these statements best describes the new countries created as colonized peoples won independence from former colonizers?
 
  a. New boundaries were formed to keep nationalities and ethnicities grouped together.
  b. Unlike the colonial governments, the new governments were representative of all the various groups withinthe country .
 c. European officials continued to run countries with the same geographical boundaries.
  d. Newly independent countries had the same boundaries and ethnic composition as the former colonies.