[Animation] - Holliday Model of Homologous Recombination

What are the consequences of crossing over?

Crossing over is a crucial step in meiosis in which two homologous chromosomes become physically attached to one another. The points of attachment are known as chiasmata. Portions of the chromosome are exchanged between two chromatids. Crossing over can occur between sister chromatids. As sister chromatids are genetically identical these crossovers have no genetic effect. When crossing over involves chromatids on different homologous chromosomes then new genetic combinations can occur. Genes on the same chromosome can be inherited independently as a result of crossing over.

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