Which of the following is NOT one of the pressures that influence glomerular filtration?
A) pressure exerted by peristalsis in the afferent arteriole
B) colloid osmotic pressure inside the capillaries
C) capsule fluid pressurein the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
D) hydrostatic pressure, provided by blood in the glomerular capillaries
2.
Excretion of dilute urine requires:
A) the presence of ADH.
B) relative permeability of the distal tubule to water.
C) transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending loop of Henle.
D) impermeability of the collecting tubule to water.
3.
While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood-derived fluids daily, the amount that actually leaves the body is:
A) all of the 180 L.
B) 100 L.
C) 1%, or 1.8 L.
D) 50%, or 90 L.
4.
Match the following:
A. Blood supply that directly receives substances from the proximal convoluted tubule cells.
B. Site of filtrate formation.
C. Site at which most of the selective reabsorption occurs.
D. Site that receives urine from the distal convoluted tubule.
ABCDGlomerulus.
ABCDPeritubular capillaries.
ABCDCollecting duct.
ABCDProximal convoluted tubule.
5.
Match the following hormones with their actions on the urinary system.
A. Promotes reabsorption of sodium in the kidney
B. A powerful vasoconstrictor that also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone
C. Regulates water reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
D. Enzyme released by juxtaglomerular apparatus cells when blood pressure is not adequate for filtration
ABCDRenin
ABCDAngiotensin II
ABCDADH
ABCDAldosterone
6.
The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is:
A) the nephron.
B) Bowman's capsule.
C) the loop of Henle.
D) the basement membrane of the capillaries.
7.
Tubular reabsorption:
A) by passive processes requires ATP to move solutes from the interior of the tubule to the blood.
B) is a way for the body to get rid of unwanted waste.
C) includes substances such as creatinine.
D) by active mechanisms usually involves movement against an electrical and/or chemical gradient.
8.
The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is:
A) cotransport with sodium ions.
B) solvent drag.
C) active transport.
D) osmosis.
9.
In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle:
A) the thin segment is not permeable to sodium and chloride.
B) water is never allowed to leave to be reabsorbed.
C) sodium and chloride ions are moved out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption.
D) water is always allowed to freely leave to be reabsorbed.
10.
The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of:
A) hormones.
B) electrolytes.
C) plasma protein.
D) glucose.
11.
An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to:
A) an increase in the production of ADH.
B) a decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma.
C) a decrease in the production of ADH.
D) an increase in the production of aldosterone.
12.
Which of the following filtered substances is/are 100% reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule?
A) water
B) Na+
C) fatty acids and urea
D) glucose and amino acids
13.
The kidneys' function of regulation of blood pressure requires monitoring of blood pressure at which location?
A) As the blood enters the glomerulus in the afferent arteriole.
B) As the blood enters the kidney in the renal artery.
C) As the blood enters the peritubular capillary.
D) As the blood exits the kidney in the renal vein.
14.
Identify the process that occurs at each.
nephron.JPG
A. water reabsorption
B. selective reabsorption
C. tubular secretion
D. filtration
ABCDWhat process occurs at c?
ABCDWhat process occurs at b?
ABCDWhat process occurs at a?
ABCDWhat process occurs at d?
15.
The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin:
A) when the specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10.
B) by a decrease in the blood pressure.
C) when the peritubular capillaries are dilated.
D) when the pH of the urine decreases.
16.
Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (urination)?
A) The pressure of the fluid in the bladder opens a sphincter and allows the urine to flow by gravity down the urethra.
B) The stretching of the bladder wall serves as the trigger.
C) The sympathetic efferents are the predominant system controlling micturition.
17.
The function of angiotensin II is to:
A) constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure.
B) decrease arterial blood pressure.
C) decrease the production of aldosterone.
D) decrease water absorption.
18.
Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it:
A) increases the rate of glomerular filtration.
B) increases secretion of ADH.
C) is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells.
D) inhibits the release of ADH.
Quick Reply
