[Notes] - Psychology Exam Review

Chapter 7 – Memory

1.   Basic memory processes (encoding, storage, and retrieval)
2.   Levels of processing
3.   Characteristics of STM (duration; amount of information that can be held) and Baddely’s model of STM.
4.   Misinformation effect; reconstructive aspects of memory
5.   Source monitoring errors
6.   Sensory memory (and types of sensory memory: iconic and echoic memory)
7.   Rehearsal and chunking
8.   Semantic network (spreading activation) and schema models of long-term memory
9.   Anterograde versus retrograde amnesia
10.   Primacy vs. recency effects (serial position effect); proactive vs. retroactive interference;
Decay
11.   Episodic, procedural, and semantic memory
12.   Repressed (recovered) memories (description; problems in the area)
13.   Context effects on memory: environment reinstatement effect, state dependent memory and mood-congruent memory
14.   Prospective memory and retrospective memory
15.   Anterograde and retrograde amnesia
16.   Ebbinghaus’ work on forgetting
17.   Brain areas involved in memory formation and consolidation

Chapter 8 – Cognition and Intelligence

1.   Know Galton, Binet, Wechsler’s and Terman’s contributions to intelligence and intelligence testing. What was the purpose of Galton and Binet’s intelligence tests?
2.   What is mental age?  What is the mean and standard deviation of modern IQ scores?
3.   Know the two major components of the WAIS intelligence test
4.   Reliability and validity (what are the different types)? How does IQ relate to real-world functioning (such as work and school)?
5.   Know about Jensen; know about the Bell Curve; know about the Kallikak family; why were all of these so controversial?
6.   Reaction range; heritability estimates; Flynn Effect
7.   How much do contrasted environments improve intelligence?
8.   Modern theories of intelligence (Sternberg, Gardner)
9.   What is “g?”
10.   Know the following terms from cognition: availability heuristic; representativeness heuristic; ignoring base rate information; conjunction fallacy, gamblers fallacy, overestimating the improbable

Chapter 11 – Personality

1.   Psychodynamic theory: id, ego, and superego
2.   the psychosexual stages (and the order they occur), fixation, know all the defense mechanisms covered in the book and class, and know the criticisms of psychodynamic theory
3.   What is the Rorschach and what is its purpose?
4.   Know Jung and Adler’s theories and concepts
5.   Trait theories (especially big five) versus type theories
6.   Know Walter Mischel’s theory
7.   Know self-efficacy and locus of control
8.   Know the concepts associated with Carl Rogers (e.g., conditions of worth; congruence and incongruence) and Maslow (hierarchy of needs) (and the order of the hierarchy of needs)
9.   Know Mischel’s theory
10.   Be familiar with the two personality projective tests that we discussed in class (Rorschach and TAT)
11.   What are the criticisms of psychodynamic theories?
12.   What is the humanistic approach?
13.   Be familiar with the definition of personality discussed in book and in class