Final Review

Interaction with adaptive immune system: Phase variation Vary of surface antigen Immune system sees pili, LOS, and Opa proteins Opa proteins 10 different genes Random process with predictable frequency Nature of DNA makes turning off and on genes more predictable Figure: Lose 5 bases due to incorrect base pairing Causes frame shift Stop codon is not read, produces full length functional protein Change occurred in DNA, heritable Daughter cells have deletion, produce full length Opa protein Slippage can occur which fixes deletion Not recognized by immune system Can occurs in LOS too Neisseria and neutrophils: Fc recognize tail of antibody Neisseria has multiple ways to get rid of neutrophils Actually uses them No leaky scanning: Order of operon does not matter Strong ribosomal binding site determines transcripts Motility: Flagellum ultrastructure Know filaments, hook, basal body function Type IV pilus Two different protein for extension and retraction Filament is made of repeating subunit, not remade Adhesion on end to help attachment HPV: 2 promoters allow virus to tailor its gene expression to the state of the cell and in terms of what it needs to do to produce high levels of virus E3 binds p53 for ubiquitin degradation Know names of viruses/ tissues affected that cause cancer Antibiotics: