Ch02 Cost Terminology and Cost Behaviors.docx

Chapter 2-Cost Terminology and Cost Behaviors TRUE/FALSE 1. The portion of an asset’s value on the balance sheet is referred to as an expired cost. ANS: F 2. The portion of an asset that was consumed during a period is referred to an expired cost. ANS: T 3. A variable cost remains constant on a per-unit basis as production increases ANS: T 4. A fixed cost remains constant on a per-unit basis as production changes. ANS: F 5. The relevant range is valid for all levels of activity ANS: F 6. An indirect cost can be easily traced to a cost object. ANS: F 7. Both accountants and economists view variable costs as linear in nature. ANS: F 8. Fixed cost per unit varies directly with production. ANS: F 9. Variable cost per unit remains constant within the relevant range. ANS: T 10. A cost that shifts upward or downward when activity changes by a certain interval is referred to as a mixed cost. ANS: F 11. A cost that shifts upward or downward when activity changes by a certain interval is referred to as a step cost. ANS: T 12. If the cost of an additive is $5,000 + $0.50 for every unit of solvent produced, the cost is classified as a mixed cost. ANS: T 13. If the cost of an additive is $5,000 + $0.50 for every unit of solvent produced, the cost is classified as a step cost. ANS: F 14. A predictor which has an absolute cause and effect relationship to a cost is referred to a cost driver. ANS: T 15. A mixed cost will be an effective cost driver. ANS: F 16. A variable cost will be an effective cost driver. ANS: T 17. Unexpired costs are reflected on the balance sheet. ANS: T 18. Expired costs are reflected on the balance sheet. ANS: F 19. Distribution costs are an example of product costs. ANS: F 20. Distribution costs are an example of period costs. ANS: T 21. Retailers generally have a much high degree of conversion than do manufacturing or professional firms. ANS: F 22. Retailers generally have a much lower degree of conversion than do manufacturing or professional firms. ANS: T 23. In a service industry, direct materials are usually insignificant in amount and cannot easily be traced to a cost object. ANS: T 24. In a service industry, direct materials are usually significant in amount and can be easily traced to a cost object. ANS: F 25. There is an inverse relationship between prevention costs and failure costs. ANS: T 26. There is a direct relationship between prevention costs and failure costs. ANS: F 27. In an actual cost system, actual production overhead costs are accumulated in an Overhead Control account and assigned to Work in Process at the end of the period. ANS: T 28. In an normal cost system, actual production overhead costs are accumulated in an Overhead Control account and assigned to Work in Process at the end of the period. ANS: F 29. In a normal cost system, factory overhead is applied to Work in Process using a predetermined overhead rate. ANS: T 30. In an actual cost system, factory overhead is applied to Work in Process using a predetermined overhead rate. ANS: F 31. In an actual cost system, overhead is assigned to Work in Process Inventory with a debit entry to the account. ANS: T 32. In an actual cost system, overhead is assigned to Work in Process Inventory with a credit entry to the account. ANS: F 33. It is not necessary to prepare the Cost of Goods Manufactured statement prior to preparing the Cost of Goods Sold statement. ANS: F COMPLETION 1. Costs that can be conveniently traced to a cost object are referred to as ____________ costs. ANS: direct 2. Anything for which management wants to accumulate or collect costs is known as a ______________________. ANS: cost object 3. Costs that cannot be conveniently traced to a cost object are known as __________________ costs. ANS: indirect 4. A cost that remains unchanged in total within the relevant range is known as a _____________ cost. ANS: fixed 5. A cost that varies in total in direct proportion to changes in activity is known as a _______________ cost ANS: variable 6. The assumed range of activity that reflects the company’s normal operating range is referred to as the _____________________________. ANS: relevant range 7. A cost that remains constant on a per unit basis within the relevant range is a ________________________ cost. ANS: variable 8. A cost that varies inversely with the level of production is known as a _______________ cost. ANS: fixed 9. A cost that has both fixed and variable components is known as a __________________ cost. ANS: mixed 10. A cost that shifts upward or downward when activity changes by a certain interval is referred to as a ___________ cost. ANS: step 11. Another name for inventoriable costs is ______________ costs. ANS: product 12. The three stages of production for a manufacturing firm are ______________, ________________, and ______________________. ANS: raw materials, work in process, finished goods 13. Costs that are incurred to improve quality by precluding defects and improper processing are referred to as ____________________ costs. ANS: prevention 14. Costs incurred for monitoring or inspecting products are known as ____________________ costs. ANS: appraisal 15. Costs that result from defective units, product returns, and complaints are referred to as _______________________ costs. ANS: failure MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The term "relevant range" as used in cost accounting means the range over which a. costs may fluctuate. b. cost relationships are valid. c. production may vary. d. relevant costs are incurred. ANS: B 2. Which of the following defines variable cost behavior? Total cost reaction to increase in activity Cost per unit reaction to increase in activity a. remains constant remains constant b. remains constant increases c. increases increases d. increases remains constant ANS: D 3. When cost relationships are linear, total variable prime costs will vary in proportion to changes in a. direct labor hours. b. total material cost. c. total overhead cost. d. production volume. ANS: D 4. Which of the following would not generally be considered a fixed overhead cost? Straight-line Factory Units-of-production depreciation insurance depreciation a. no no no b. yes no yes c. yes yes no d. no yes no ANS: C 5. An example of a fixed cost is a. total indirect material cost. b. total hourly wages. c. cost of electricity. d. straight-line depreciation. ANS: D 6. A cost that remains constant in total but varies on a per-unit basis with changes in activity is called a(n) a. expired cost. b. fixed cost. c. variable cost. d. mixed cost. ANS: B 7. A(n) ________ cost increases or decreases in intervals as activity changes. a. historical cost b. fixed cost c. step cost d. budgeted cost ANS: C 8. When the number of units manufactured increases, the most significant change in unit cost will be reflected as a(n) a. increase in the fixed element. b. decrease in the variable element. c. increase in the mixed element. d. decrease in the fixed element. ANS: D 9. Which of the following always has a direct cause-effect relationship to a cost? Predictor Cost driver a. yes yes b. yes no c. no yes d. no no ANS: C 10. A cost driver a. causes fixed costs to rise because of production changes. b. has a direct cause-effect relationship to a cost. c. can predict the cost behavior of a variable, but not a fixed, cost. d. is an overhead cost that causes distribution costs to change in distinct increments with changes in production volume. ANS: B 11. Product costs are deducted from revenue a. as expenditures are made. b. when production is completed. c. as goods are sold. d. to minimize taxable income. ANS: C 12. A selling cost is a(n) product cost period cost inventoriable cost a. yes yes no b. yes no no c. no yes no d. no yes yes ANS: C 13. Which of the following is not a product cost component? a. rent on a factory building b. indirect production labor wages c. janitorial supplies used in a factory d. commission on the sale of a product ANS: D 14. Period costs a. are generally expensed in the same period in which they are incurred. b. are always variable costs. c. remain unchanged over a given period of time. d. are associated with the periodic inventory method. ANS: A 15. Period costs include distribution costs outside processing costs sales commissions a. yes no yes b. no yes yes c. no no no d. yes yes yes ANS: A 16. The three primary inventory accounts in a manufacturing company are a. Merchandise Inventory, Supplies Inventory, and Finished Goods Inventory. b. Merchandise Inventory, Work in Process Inventory, and Finished Goods Inventory. c. Supplies Inventory, Work in Process Inventory, and Finished Goods Inventory. d. Raw Material Inventory, Work in Process Inventory, and Finished Goods Inventory. ANS: D 17. Cost of Goods Sold is an a. unexpired product cost. b. expired product cost. c. unexpired period cost. d. expired period cost. ANS: B 18. The indirect costs of converting raw material into finished goods are called a. period costs. b. prime costs. c. overhead costs. d. conversion costs. ANS: C 19. Which of the following would need to be allocated to a cost object? a. direct material b. direct labor c. direct production costs d. indirect production costs ANS: D 20. Conversion cost does not include a. direct labor. b. direct material. c. factory depreciation. d. supervisors' salaries. ANS: B 21. The distinction between direct and indirect costs depends on whether a cost a. is controllable or non-controllable. b. is variable or fixed. c. can be conveniently and physically traced to a cost object under consideration. d. will increase with changes in levels of activity. ANS: C 22. Broussard Company is a construction company that builds houses on special request. What is the proper classification of the carpenters' wages? Product Period Direct a. yes yes no b. yes no yes c. no no no d. no yes yes ANS: B 23. Broussard Company is a construction company that builds houses on special request. What is the proper classification of the cost of the cement building slab used? Direct Fixed a. no no b. no yes c. yes yes d. yes no ANS: D 24. Broussard Company is a construction company that builds houses on special request. What is the proper classification of indirect material used? Prime Conversion Variable a. no no no b. no yes yes c. yes yes yes d. yes no no ANS: B 25. Which of the following costs would be considered overhead in the production of chocolate chip cookies? a. flour b. chocolate chips c. sugar d. oven electricity ANS: D 26. All costs related to the manufacturing function in a company are a. prime costs. b. direct costs. c. product costs. d. conversion costs. ANS: C 27. Prime cost consists of direct material direct labor overhead a. no yes no b. yes yes no c. yes no yes d. no yes yes ANS: B 28. Plastic used to manufacture dolls is a prime cost product cost direct cost fixed cost a. no yes yes yes b. yes no yes no c. yes yes no yes d. yes yes yes no ANS: D 29. The term "prime cost" refers to a. all manufacturing costs incurred to produce units of output. b. all manufacturing costs other than direct labor and raw material costs. c. raw material purchased and direct labor costs. d. the raw material used and direct labor costs. ANS: D 30. Conversion of inputs to outputs is recorded in the a. Work in Process Inventory account. b. Finished Goods Inventory account. c. Raw Material Inventory account. d. both a and b. ANS: A 31. In a perpetual inventory system, the sale of items for cash consists of two entries. One entry is a debit to Cash and a credit to Sales. The other entry is a debit to a. Work in Process Inventory and a credit to Finished Goods Inventory. b. Finished Goods Inventory and a credit to Cost of Goods Sold. c. Cost of Goods Sold and a credit to Finished Goods Inventory. d. Finished Goods Inventory and a credit to Work in Process Inventory. ANS: C 32. The formula to compute cost of goods manufactured is a. beginning Work in Process Inventory plus purchases of raw material minus ending Work in Process Inventory. b. beginning Work in Process Inventory plus direct labor plus direct material used plus overhead incurred minus ending Work in Process Inventory. c. direct material used plus direct labor plus overhead incurred. d. direct material used plus direct labor plus overhead incurred plus beginning Work in Process Inventory. ANS: B 33. The final figure in the Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured represents the a. cost of goods sold for the period. b. total cost of manufacturing for the period. c. total cost of goods started and completed this period. d. total cost of goods completed for the period. ANS: D 34. The formula for cost of goods sold for a manufacturer is a. beginning Finished Goods Inventory plus Cost of Goods Manufactured minus ending Finished Goods Inventory. b. beginning Work in Process Inventory plus Cost of Goods Manufactured minus ending Work in Process Inventory. c. direct material plus direct labor plus applied overhead. d. direct material plus direct labor plus overhead incurred plus beginning Work in Process Inventory. ANS: A 35. Which of the following replaces the retailing component "Purchases" in computing Cost of Goods Sold for a manufacturing company? a. direct material used b. cost of goods manufactured c. total prime cost d. cost of goods available for sale ANS: B 36. Costs that are incurred to preclude defects and improper processing are: a. prevention costs c. appraisal costs b. detection costs d. failure costs ANS: A 37. Costs that are incurred for monitoring and inspecting are: a. prevention costs c. appraisal costs b. detection costs d. failure costs ANS: C 38. Costs that are incurred when customers complain are: a. prevention costs c. appraisal costs b. detection costs d. failure costs ANS: D Wilson Company The following information has been taken from the cost records of Wilson Company for the past year: Raw material used in production $326 Total manufacturing costs charged to production during the year (includes direct material, direct labor, and overhead equal to 60% of direct labor cost) 686 Cost of goods available for sale 826 Selling and Administrative expenses 25 Inventories Beginning Ending Raw Material $75 $ 85 Work in Process 80 30 Finished Goods 90 110 39. Refer to Wilson Company. The cost of raw material purchased during the year was a. $316. b. $336. c. $360. d. $411. ANS: B Beginning Inventory 75 +Purchases 336 =Goods Available for Sale 411 -Ending Inventory (326) Materials Used in Production 85 40. Refer to Wilson Company. Direct labor cost charged to production during the year was a. $135. b. $216. c. $225. d. $360. ANS: C Total production costs $686 - Raw materials $326 Conversion Costs $360 Let x = Direct Labor Let .60x = Factory Overhead x + .60x $360 x $225 41. Refer to Wilson Company. Cost of Goods Manufactured was a. $636. b. $716. c. $736. d. $766. ANS: C Beginning WIP Inventory $ 80 Costs of Production 686 less: Ending WIP Inventory (30) Cost of Goods Manufactured $736 ==== 42. Refer to Wilson Company. Cost of Goods Sold was a. $691. b. $716. c. $736. d. $801. ANS: B Beginning Finished Goods Inventory $ 90 Cost of Goods Manufactured 736 less: Ending Finished Goods Inventory (110) Cost of Goods Manufactured $716 ==== Brandt Company. Brandt Company manufactures wood file cabinets. The following information is available for June 2001: Beginning Ending Raw Material Inventory $ 6,000 $ 7,500 Work in Process Inventory 17,300 11,700 Finished Goods Inventory 21,000 16,300 43. Refer to Brandt Company. Direct labor is $9.60 per hour and overhead for the month was $9,600. Compute total manufacturing costs for June, if there were 1,500 direct labor hours and $21,000 of raw material was purchased. a. $58,500 b. $46,500 c. $43,500 d. $43,100 ANS: C Begin Inv Purch Ending Inv Raw Materials $6,000.00 $21,000.00 $(7,500.00) $19,500.00 Rate Hours Direct Labor $ 9.60 1,500 14,400.00 Overhead 9,600.00 $43,500.00 44. Refer to Brandt Company. Direct labor is paid $9.60 per hour and overhead for the month was $9,600. What are prime costs and conversion costs, respectively if there were 1,500 direct labor hours and $21,000 of raw material was purchased? a. $29,100 and $33,900 b. $33,900 and $24,000 c. $33,900 and $29,100 d. $24,000 and $33,900 ANS: B Begin Inv Purch Ending Inv Raw Materials $6,000.00 $21,000.00 $(7,500.00) $19,500.00 Rate Hours Direct Labor $ 9.60 1,500 14,400.00 Overhead 9,600.00 Prime Costs = Raw Materials + Direct Labor-- $19,500 + 14,400 = $33,900 Conversion Costs = Direct Labor + Factory Overhead--$14,400 + 9,600 - $24,000 45. Refer to Brandt Company. Direct labor is paid $9.60 per hour and overhead for the month was $9,600. If there were 1,500 direct labor hours and $21,000 of raw material purchased, Cost of Goods Manufactured is: a. $49,100. b. $45,000. c. $51,000. d. $49,500. ANS: A Beginning WIP Inventory $ 17,300 Raw Materials $ 19,500 Direct Labor 14,400 Factory Overhead 9,600 43,500 Ending WIP Inventory (11,700) Cost of Goods Manufactured $ 49,100 46. Refer to Brandt Company. Direct labor is paid $9.60 per hour and overhead for the month was $9,600. If there were 1,500 direct labor hours and $21,000 of raw material purchased, how much is Cost of Goods Sold? a. $64,500. b. $59,800. c. $38,800. d. $53,800. ANS: D Beginning WIP Inventory $ 17,300 Raw Materials $ 19,500 Direct Labor 14,400 Factory Overhead 9,600 43,500 Ending WIP Inventory (11,700) Cost of Goods Manufactured $ 49,100 Beginning Finished Goods Inventory 21,000 Ending Finished Goods Inventory (16,300) $ 53,800 47. Davis Company manufacturers desks. The beginning balance of Raw Material Inventory was $4,500; raw material purchases of $29,600 were made during the month. At month end, $7,700 of raw material was on hand. Raw material used during the month was a. $26,400. b. $34,100. c. $37,300. d. $29,600. ANS: A Beginning RM Inventory + Purchases - Ending RM Inventory = RMaterials Used $4,500 + 29,600 - 7,700 = X X = $26,400 48. Urban Company manufacturers tables. If raw material used was $80,000 and Raw Material Inventory at the beginning and end of the period, respectively, was $17,000 and $21,000, what was amount of raw material was purchased? a. $76,000 b. $118,000 c. $84,000 d. $101,000 ANS: C Beginning RM Inventory + Purchases - Ending RM Inventory = RMaterials Used $17,000 + X - 21,000 = $80,000 X = $84,000 49. Putnam Company manufacturers computer stands. What is the beginning balance of Finished Goods Inventory if Cost of Goods Sold is $107,000; the ending balance of Finished Goods Inventory is $20,000; and Cost of Goods Manufactured is $50,000 less than Cost of Goods Sold? a. $70,000 b. $77,000 c. $157,000 d. $127,000 ANS: A Beg Fin Goods Invy + Cost of Goods Manufactured - Ending Fin Goods Invy = COGS X + $57,000 - $20,000 = $107,000 X = $70,000 Sharp Enterprises Inventories: March 1 March 31 Raw material $18,000 $15,000 Work in process 9,000 6,000 Finished goods 27,000 36,000 Additional information for March: Raw material purchased $42,000 Direct labor payroll 30,000 Direct labor rate per hour 7.50 Overhead rate per direct labor hour 10.00 50. Refer to Sharp Enterprises. For March, prime cost incurred was a. $75,000. b. $69,000. c. $45,000. d. $39,000. ANS: A Begin Inv Purch Ending Inv Raw Materials $18,000.00 $42,000.00 $(15,000.00) $45,000.00 Rate Hours Direct Labor $ 7.50 4,000 30,000.00 $75,000.00 51. Refer to Sharp Enterprises. For March, conversion cost incurred was a. $30,000. b. $40,000. c. $70,000. d. $72,000. ANS: C Begin Inv Purch Ending Inv Direct Labor $ 7.50 4,000 30,000.00 Rate Hours Overhead $ 10.00 4,000 40,000.00 $70,000.00 52. Refer to Sharp Enterprises. For March, Cost of Goods Manufactured was a. $118,000. b. $115,000. c. $112,000. d. $109,000. ANS: A Beginning WIP Inventory $ 9,000 Raw Materials $ 45,000 Direct Labor 30,000 Factory Overhead 40,000 115,000 Ending WIP Inventory (6,000) $ 118,000 SHORT ANSWER 1. Define relevant range and explain its significance. ANS: The relevant range is that range of activity over which a variable cost remains constant on a per-unit basis and a fixed cost remains constant in total. Managers can review the various ranges of activity and the related effects on variable cost (per-unit) and fixed cost (in total) to determine how a change in the range will affect costs and, thus, the firm's profitability. 2. Define a variable cost and a fixed cost. What causes changes in these costs? Give two examples of each. ANS: A variable cost is one that remains constant on a per-unit basis but varies in total with changes in activity. Examples of variable costs include direct material, direct labor, and (possibly) utilities. A fixed cost is one that remains constant in total but varies on a per-unit basis with changes in activity. Examples of fixed costs include straight-line depreciation, insurance, and the supervisor's salary. 3. What is the difference between a product cost and a period cost? Give three examples of each. What is the difference between a direct cost and indirect cost? Give two examples of each. ANS: A product cost is one that is associated with making or acquiring inventory. A period cost is any cost other than those associated with making or acquiring products and is not considered inventory. Students will have a variety of examples, but direct material, direct labor, and overhead are product costs. Selling and administrative expenses are considered period costs. A direct cost is one that is physically and conveniently traceable to a cost object. Direct material and direct labor are direct costs. An indirect cost is one that cannot be conveniently traced to a cost object. Any type of overhead cost is considered indirect. 4. What are three reasons that overhead must be allocated to products? ANS: Overhead must be allocated because it is necessary to (1) determine fill cost, (2) it can motivate managers, and (3) it allows managers to compare alternative courses of action. 5. Why should predetermined overhead rates be used? ANS: Predetermined overhead rates should be used for three reasons: (1) to assign overhead to Work in Process during the production cycle instead of at the end of the period; (2) to compensate for fluctuations in actual overhead costs that have no bearing on activity levels; and (3) to overcome problems of fluctuations in activity levels that have no impact on actual fixed overhead costs. 6. List and explain three types of quality costs. ANS: Prevention costs--incurred to improve quality by precluding product defects and improper processing from occurring. Appraisal costs--incurred to find mistakes not eliminated through prevention. Failure costs--can be internal (scrap and rework) or external (costs of returns, warranty costs). PROBLEM 1. Given the following information for McCurley Corporation, prepare the necessary journal entries, assuming that the Raw Material Inventory account contains both direct and indirect material. a. Purchased raw material on account $28,500. b. Put material into production: $15,000 of direct material and $3,000 of indirect material. c. Accrued payroll of $90,000, of which 70 percent was direct and the remainder was indirect. d. Incurred and paid other overhead items of $36,000. e. Transferred items costing $86,500 to finished goods. f. Sold goods costing $71,300 on account for $124,700. ANS: a. RM Inventory 28,500 A/P 28,500 b. WIP Inventory 15,000 Manufacturing OH 3,000 RM Inventory 18,000 c. WIP Inventory 63,000 Manufacturing OH 27,000 Salaries/Wages Payable 90,000 d. Manufacturing OH 36,000 Cash 36,000 e. FG Inventory 86,500 WIP Inventory 86,500 f. A/R 124,700 Sales 124,700 CGS 71,300 FG Inventory 71,300 2. Prepare a Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured (in good form) for the Graves Company from the following information for June 20X8: Inventories Beginning Ending Raw Material $ 6,700 $ 8,900 Work in Process 17,700 22,650 Finished Goods 29,730 19,990 Additional information: purchases of raw material were $46,700; 19,700 direct labor hours were worked at $11.30 per hour; overhead costs were $33,300. ANS: Graves Company Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured For the Month Ended June 30, 20X8 Work in Process (June 1) $ 17,700  Raw Mat. (June 1) $ 6,700  Purchases 46,700  Raw Mat. Available 53,400  Raw Mat. (June 30) (8,900) Raw Mat. Used $ 44,500 Direct Labor (19,700 x $11.30) 222,610 Manufacturing Overhead 33,300 Total Manufacturing Costs 300,410  Total Goods in Process $318,110  Work in Process (June 30) (22,650) Cost of Goods Manufactured $295,460  3. In June 20X8, the Graves Company has Cost of Goods Manufactured of $296,000; beginning Finished Goods Inventory of $29,730; and ending Finished Goods Inventory of $19,990. Prepare an income statement in good form. (Ignore taxes.) The following additional information is available: Selling Expenses $ 40,500 Administrative Expenses 19,700 Sales 475,600 ANS: Graves Company Income Statement For the Month Ended June 30, 20X8 Sales $475,600  Cost of Goods Sold: Finished Goods (June 1) $ 29,730  Cost of Goods Mf'd 296,000  Total Goods Available $325,730  Finished Goods (June 30) (19,990) Cost of Goods Sold (305,740) Gross Margin $169,860  Operating Expenses: Selling $40,500  Administrative 19,700  Total Operating Expenses (60,200) Income from operations $109,660  4. The following information is for the Rayne Manufacturing Company for November. Inventories Beginning Ending Raw Material $17,400 $13,200 Work in Process 31,150 28,975 Finished Goods 19,200 25,500 Direct Labor (21,000 DLH @ $13) Raw Material Purchases $120,000 Insurance-Office 2,570 Indirect Labor 11,200 Office Supplies Expense 900 Factory Supplies Used 350 Insurance-Factory 1,770 Other Expenses: Depr. Office Equipment 3,500 Depr.-Factory Equipment 17,300 Repair/Maintenance-Factory 7,400 Calculate total manufacturing costs, cost of goods manufactured, and cost of goods sold. ANS: Manufacturing Costs: Raw Material (Nov. 1) $ 17,400  Purchases  120,000  Raw Material Available $137,400  Raw Material (Nov. 30)  (13,200) Raw Material Used $124,200 Direct Labor (21,000 x $13) 273,000 Overhead: Depr.-Factory Equipment $17,300  Repairs/Maintenance-Factory 7,400  Indirect Labor 11,200  Insurance-Factory 1,770  Factory Supplies Used     350  Total Overhead   38,020 Total Manufacturing Costs $435,220 Cost of Goods Manufactured: Total Manufacturing Costs $435,220  Work in Process (Nov. 1) 31,150  Work in Process (Nov. 30) (28,975) Cost of Goods Manufactured $437,395  Cost of Goods Sold: Finished Goods (Nov. 1) $ 19,200  Cost of Goods Manufactured 437,395  Total Goods Available $456,595  Finished Goods (Nov. 30) (25,500) Cost of Goods Sold $431,095  5. From the following information for the Galveston Company, compute prime costs and conversion costs. Inventories Beginning Ending Raw Material $ 9,900 $ 7,600 Work in Process 44,500 37,800 Finished Goods 36,580 61,300 Raw material purchased during the period cost $40,800; overhead incurred and paid or accrued for the period was $21,750; and 23,600 direct labor hours were incurred at a rate of $13.75 per hour. ANS: Prime Costs: Raw Material (Beginning) $ 9,900  Purchases 40,800  Raw Material Available $50,700  Raw Material (Ending) (7,600) Raw Material Used $ 43,100 Direct Labor (23,600 x $13.75)  324,500 Prime Costs $367,600 Conversion Costs: Direct Labor (Above) $324,500 Overhead   21,750 Conversion Costs $346,250 6. The following miscellaneous data has been collected for a manufacturing company for the most recent year-end: Inventories: Beginning Ending Raw material $50,000 $55,000 Work in process 40,000 45,000 Finished goods 60,000 50,000 Costs recorded during the year: Purchases of raw material $195,000 Direct labor 150,000 Cost of goods sold 595,000 Required: Prepare a cost of goods manufactured statement showing how all unknown amounts were determined. ANS: BEGIN WIP $ 40,000 + DM (1) 190,000 + DC 150,000 + OH ? = $250,000 - END WIP (45000) = COGM (2) $585,000 (1) BEG RM $ 50,000 + PURCHASE 195,000 - END RM (55,000) = DM $190,000 (2) BEGIN FG $ 60,000  + COGM ?  = $585,000 - END FG (50,000) = COGS $595,000  7. The following information was taken from the records of the Enterprise Corporation for the month of July. (There were no inventories of work in process or finished goods on July 1.) Units Cost Sales during month 8,000 $ ? Manufacturing costs for month: Direct material 32,000 Direct labor 20,000 Overhead costs applied 15,000 Overhead costs under-applied 800 Inventories, July 31: Work in process 1,000 ? Finished goods 2,000 ? Indirect manufacturing costs are applied on a direct labor cost basis. The under-applied balance is due to seasonal variations and will be carried forward. The following cost estimates have been submitted for the work in process inventory of July 31: material, $3,000; direct labor, $2,000. Required: a. Determine the number of units that were completed and transferred to finished goods during the month. b. Complete the estimate of the cost of work in process on July 31. c. Prepare a manufacturing statement for the month. d. Determine the cost of each unit completed during the month. e. Determine the total amount debited to the Overhead Control accounts during the month. ANS: a. 8,000 SOLD + 2,000 ENDING FG = 10,000 UNITS b. DM $3,000 DC 2,000 OH 1,500 $15,000  x $2,000 $6,500 $20,000  c. DM $32,000  DL 20,000  OH 15,000  - END WIP (6,500) = COGM $60,500  d. COGM/COMPLETE UNITS = $ 60,500 = $6.05/UNIT 10,000 UNITS e. OH APPLIED $15,000 + OH UNDERAPPLIED    800 ACTUAL OH $15,800 8. The Magnolia Forest Corporation had the following account balances: Raw Material Manufacturing Overhead Bal. 1/1 30,000 Credits ? Debits 385,000 Credits ? Debits 420,000 Bal. 12/31 60,000 Work in Process Factory Wages Payable Bal. 1/1 Direct material 70,000 320,000 Credits 810,000 Debits 179,000 Bal.1/1 Credits 10,000 175,000 110,000 Overhead 400,000 Bal. 12/31 6,000 Bal. 12/31 ? Finished Goods Cost of Goods Sold Bal. 1/1 40,000 Credits ? Debits ? Debits ? Bal. 12/31 130,000 Required: a. What was the cost of raw material put into production during the year? b. How much of the material from question 1 consisted of indirect material? c. How much of the factory labor cost for the year consisted of indirect labor? d. What was the cost of goods manufactured for the year? e. What was the cost of goods sold for the year (before considering under- or overapplied overhead)? f. If overhead is applied to production on the basis of direct material, what rate was in effect during the year? g. Was manufacturing overhead under- or overapplied? By how much? h. Compute the ending balance in the Work in Process Inventory account. Assume that this balance consists entirely of goods started during the year. If $32,000 of this balance is direct material cost, how much of it is direct labor cost? Manufacturing overhead cost? ANS: a. $30,000 + $420,000 - $60,000 = $390,000 b. $390,000 - $320,000 DM = $70,000 c. $175,000 - $110,000 DL = $65,000 d. $810,000 e. $40,000 + $810,000 - $130,000 = $720,000 f. $400,000/$320,000 = 125% DM Cost g. OH Actual $385,000  OH Applied 400,000  OH Overapplied $ 15,000  h. Beginning WIP $ 70,000  DM $32000 + DM 320,000  DL (To Balance) 18,000 + DC 110,000  FOH (1) 40,000 + OH 400,000  End WIP $90,000 - Ending WIP (90000) = COGM $810,000  (1) $32,000 x 125% = $40,000