Transcript
America: Past and Present
Chapter 8 Republican Ascendancy: The Jeffersonian Vision
8.1 Multiple-Choice Questions1) Under Jeffersonian Republicanism, A) many Americans believed opportunities were available to them. B) few Americans were able to advance in society. C) the social structure of society was well defined. D) blacks were provided opportunities in society. E) servants "knew their place." Answer: A Page Ref: 182 [Factual]2) By 1810, one-fifth of the American population was made up of A) Indians. B) immigrants. C) blacks. D) women. E) Catholics. Answer: C Page Ref: 184 [Factual]3) The large increase in the national population reflected in the 1810 census resulted mainly from A) the assimilation of whole tribes of Native Americans into the general population. B) natural biological increase. C) a huge increase in the importation of slaves from Africa. D) the immigration of many thousands of Europeans fleeing the Napoleonic wars. E) fabrication of census records by corrupt state officials who hoped to increase their congressional representation. Answer: B Page Ref: 184 [Factual]
4) The rise of regional identities in the early nineteenth century resulted from each of the following EXCEPT A) people of each region found common cause in defending their shared economic interests. B) New England's aggressive devotion to radical democracy made the other regions uneasy. C) transportation improvements made it easier to get around within, but not necessarily between, the major areas. D) southerners increasingly felt defensive about possible attacks on slavery. E) distinct regional subcultures promoted sectional identities. Answer: B
Page Ref: 184 [Factual]
5) Upon arriving in the West, many settlers A) tried to transplant their eastern customs. B) had to adapt to a new environment. C) were able to generate distinctive folkways. D) depended on water transportation. E) all of the above Answer: E Page Ref: 185 [Factual]
6) Thomas Jefferson's attitude toward Native Americans showed that he A) considered them to be expendable. B) believed their way of life to be worth protecting and preserving. C) found them to be savages unworthy of serious concern. D) respected them as people, but was not impressed by their culture. E) wanted to try to assimilate them into the nascent culture of the United States. Answer: D Page Ref: 186 [Conceptual]7) Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa A) worked to persuade the Indians of the Indiana Territory to hold onto their tribal cultures and their land. B) represented themselves as tribal leaders and sold off huge tracts of land for whiskey and trinkets. C) led an Indian rebellion which was crushed by Andrew Jackson at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. D) accepted President Jefferson's promise of a vast Indian reservation west of the Mississippi River. E) developed a written language for the Shawnees and worked for gradual assimilation into white culture. Answer: A Page Ref: 185 [Factual]8) American prosperity in the early 1800s was based on A) an industrial economy. B) manufacturing. C) monetary supplies. D) agriculture and commerce. E) the slave system.Answer: D Page Ref: 186 [Factual]
9) The chief function of American cities during the Jeffersonian era was as A) cultural centers. B) depots for international trade. C) agricultural marketplaces. D) financial centers. E) places to exchange ideas and keep up with news. Answer: B
Page Ref: 187 [Factual]
10) Under his direction, the United States took its first steps into the factory system. A) Eli Whitney B) Samuel Slater C) Benjamin Reed D) Robert Lowell E) James Stubblefield Answer: B Page Ref: 187 [Factual]11) How did Jefferson and Gallatin deal with the national debt? A) They continued Hamilton's programs. B) They increased excise taxes and tariff taxes. C) They demanded greater cooperation from the states. D) They decreased the functions of the national government. E) They reallocated funds that had supported European embassies to fund the army. Answer: D Page Ref: 188 [Factual]
12) Which of the following statements is NOT true of President Thomas Jefferson? A) He was a man of great intellectual ability. B) He created the military academy at West Point. C) He hated the national debt. D) He wanted to cut government spending. E) He loved the military and saw it as America's greatest asset. Answer: E Page Ref: 188 [Factual] 13) As the chief negotiator with France, he engineered the Louisiana Purchase. A) James Madison B) John Quincy Adams C) John Marshall D) James Monroe E) Thomas Jefferson Answer: D Page Ref: 189 [Factual]
14) Which of the following factors contributed to Thomas Jefferson's decision to make the Louisiana Purchase? A) Spain closing the port of New Orleans to American commerce B) Great Britain invading Cuba C) the citizens of New Orleans petitioning him to do so D) Napoleon sending troops to the Dominican Republic E) Jefferson's realization that it would include Florida Answer: A
Page Ref: 189 [Factual]
15) What difficulty did Jefferson face in purchasing the Louisiana Territory? A) possible confrontation with Great Britain B) lack of support from the American people C) the constitutionality of his actions D) whether to accept foreign citizens on the land E) finding $15 million in the federal budget Answer: C Page Ref: 190 [Factual]
16) Who first explored the Far West all the way to the Pacific? A) Burk and Wills B) Lewis and Clark C) Pike and Johnson D) DeSoto and Grant E) Mason and Dixon Answer: B Page Ref: 190 [Factual]
17) The Barbary States were located in A) North Africa. B) South America. C) the Caribbean. D) South Africa. E) southern Europe. Answer: A Page Ref: 190 [Factual]
18) The United States' success in dealing with the Barbary States during the war from 1801 to 1805 A) was the result of the American invasion of those nations. B) was the result of the American naval blockade of those nations. C) was the result of Thomas Jefferson's decision to give in to the Barbary demands. D) was the result of several political revolutions in the Barbary States. E) was the result of payments for safe passage. Answer: B Page Ref: 190 [Factual]
19) In the election of 1804, Thomas Jefferson defeated A) John Quincy Adams. B) Aaron Burr. C) Charles Pinckney. D) John Randolph. E) Alexander Hamilton. Answer: C
Page Ref: 192 [Factual]
20) Chief Justice John Marshall believed in A) states' rights. B) a weak central government. C) judicial review. D) overturning the Articles of Confederation. E) a broad interpretation of what constituted treason. Answer: C Page Ref: 193 [Factual] 21) The decision in Marbury v. Madison was the first time the Supreme Court A) ruled on the constitutionality of federal laws. B) compelled federal officials. C) discussed the powers of the judiciary. D) had a unanimous ruling. E) asserted its right to judge the constitutionality of congressional acts. Answer: E Page Ref: 193 [Factual]22) After 1800, Federalists retained control of A) the presidency. B) Congress. C) the judiciary. D) the military. E) the Supreme Court. Answer: C Page Ref: 192 [Factual]
23) Samuel Chase's impeachment trial A) destroyed the authority of the courts. B) forced Marshall to resign. C) maintained the independence of the judiciary. D) showed Jefferson to be a conciliatory leader. E) was a rather dull affair. Answer: C Page Ref: 193 [Factual]
24) The so-called Yazoo controversy involved A) illegal bond sales by Federalist politicians. B) the fraudulent sale of public lands by the Georgia legislature to private investors. C) repeal of the Alien and Sedition Acts. D) repeal of the national bank. E) illegal removal of Cherokee Indians from their tribal lands. Answer: B
Page Ref: 193 [Factual]
25) In Fletcher v. Peck, A) the court supported the arguments of the state. B) the court upheld the sanctity of contracts. C) the court voided contracts impaired by legislative fraud. D) the court decided that it could not rule on the constitutionality of state laws. E) the justices were divided in their opinion. Answer: B Page Ref: 193 [Factual]
26) In the famous duel of July 11, 1804, Aaron Burr killed A) Thomas Jefferson. B) John Adams. C) Alexander Hamilton. D) George Randolph. E) Charles Pinckney. Answer: C Page Ref: 196 [Factual]
27) Aaron Burr was charged with treason for trying to A) separate the West from the rest of the United States. B) create a military rebellion. C) force Jefferson to acknowledge his political power. D) secure control over Cuba. E) encouraging New Orleans to secede. Answer: A Page Ref: 196 [Factual]
28) For John Marshall, charges of treason A) had to be clearly defined to protect civil rights. B) could be supported with circumstantial evidence. C) allowed future presidents the opportunity to silence their opposition. D) were not applicable to a republican society. E) required the testimony of at least three witnesses to the treasonous act. Answer: A Page Ref: 196, 209-210 [Factual]
29) On the issue of slavery, Jefferson A) supported the institution. B) wanted the slave trade outlawed. C) believed states should regulate it. D) wanted to repeal the "three-fifths rule." E) wanted the practice abolished in the United States.Answer: B
Page Ref: 197 [Factual]
30) As the Napoleonic wars broke out in Europe, the United States A) was forced to take sides. B) isolated itself from the war. C) took advantage of the situation. D) feared for the safety of its citizens. E) threw its support behind France, in recognition of their support during the Revolutionary War. Answer: C Page Ref: 197 [Factual]
31) The Orders in Council A) allowed broken voyages to occur. B) forbade neutral commerce with continental Europe. C) had little effect on American shipping. D) gave Great Britain control of the seas. E) allowed the British navy to monitor every Continental port. Answer: B Page Ref: 198 [Factual] 32) Which acts created a "paper blockade" of the Continent? A) Orders in Council B) Rule of 1756 C) Berlin/Milan Decrees D) Intolerable Acts E) Defensive Acts Answer: A
Page Ref: 240 [Factual]
British Impress American Merchant Sailor(Library of Congress)
33) The action occurring in the 19th-century drawing shown above contributed significantly to which of the following events? A) Ostend Manifesto B) Amistad trial C) War of 1812 D) Convention of 1800 E) Wilmot Proviso Answer: C Page Ref: 198, 200 [Conceptual]
34) In response to the European war, Jefferson A) tried to avoid American involvement. B) prepared the country for war. C) declared the United States to be officially neutral. D) believed the Europeans would behave rationally. E) demanded revenge for the deaths of sailors on the Chesapeake. Answer: A Page Ref: 198 [Factual]
35) According to the policy of peaceable coercion, A) a nation declares its neutrality. B) a nation avoids all military confrontation. C) peaceful relations should be sought through negotiations. D) economics are used as a diplomatic weapon. E) neutral nations can have limited trade with belligerents. Answer: D
Page Ref: 198 [Factual]
36) The effect of the Embargo Act was A) strong public support in the Northeast. B) England agreed to respect American rights. C) severe depression in France. D) economic mayhem in the United States. E) a severe shortage of food supplies for both the French and British armies. Answer: D Page Ref: 198 [Factual]
37) The Chesapeake Affair of 1807 A) violated American sovereignty. B) forced the French to rescind the Berlin Decree. C) damaged the British navy. D) had little effect on Anglo-American relations. E) influenced the Americans to support the French. Answer: A Page Ref: 198 [Factual]
38) In the election of 1808, A) John Randolph and the Quids made sure that the Republicans nominated Madison and not Monroe. B) Madison defeated Charles Pinckney by a wider margin than had Jefferson in 1804. C) the Federalists lost seats in the House of Representatives. D) James Madison became the first presidential candidate nominated by a congressional party caucus. E) with the electoral college deadlocked, the House of Representatives chose James Madison as president. Answer: D Page Ref: 199 [Factual]
39) Which of the following authorized American trade with all nations except Britain and France? A) Orders in Council B) Non-Intercourse Act C) Berlin Decrees D) Embargo Act E) Peaceable Coercion Answer: B Page Ref: 199 [Factual]
40) In the election of 1808, the Federalist Party A) seemed unable to adapt to the changes of society. B) made impressive gains in Congress. C) had won new support in the West. D) was dominated by innovative new political leaders. E) nominated George Clinton for president. Answer: B
Page Ref: 199 [Factual]
41) Jefferson's foreign policy A) allowed Madison to return to domestic concerns. B) had seriously damaged the British economy. C) brought an alliance with France. D) created more harm than good for the United States. E) strengthened relations with Europe, despite the war. Answer: D Page Ref: 199 [Factual]
42) James Madison A) proved to be an effective president. B) had strong support from his party. C) had difficulty implementing his presidential powers. D) understood the importance of strong leadership. E) was known for his intellect and his arrogance. Answer: C Page Ref: 199 [Conceptual]43) The effect of Macon's Bill Number Two was that A) Napoleon promised to rescind the Berlin and Milan decrees. B) Great Britain promised to rescind the Orders in Council. C) Napoleon declared war on the United States. D) Madison received strong public support. E) even diplomatic contact with Britain and France was severed. Answer: A Page Ref: 199-200 [Factual]
44) The key to Madison's strategy against Great Britain was A) the West Indies. B) France. C) Canada. D) Mexico. E) Cuba. Answer: C Page Ref: 200 [Factual]
45) These congressmen believed it was imperative that the United States acquire Canada. A) War Hawks B) Status Quos C) Quids D) Federalists E) Expansionists Answer: A
Page Ref: 200-201 [Factual]
A Scene on the Frontiers as Practiced by theHumane British and Their Worthy Allies!William Charles, Philadelphia, 1812(Library of Congress)
46) The artist of the cartoon shown above was attempting to suggest which of the following? A) British forces were under attack by Indians paid for by French provocateurs. B) Iroquois chiefs were paying reparations to the British for their unprovoked attacks on British troops. C) American forces were rendering financial aid to Huron forces who allied with the U.S. against the British. D) British agents were provoking attacks by Indians upon American frontiersmen and troops. E) Humanitarian agencies were attempting to bribe the Indian forces into peace with money and rewards. Answer: D Page Ref: 202 [Conceptual]47) Which of the following groups opposed war with Great Britain? A) Southerners B) Republicans C) Anglicans D) Westerners E) New Englanders Answer: E Page Ref: 201 [Factual]
48) Which of the following was NOT a major British strategic objective in the War of 1812? A) protection of the Canadian frontier B) assault on the Chesapeake regions C) occupation of New Orleans D) occupation of New York City E) blockage the U.S. navy Answer: D
Page Ref: 201-202 [Factual]
49) ________ led the Americans to victory over the British at the Battle of Lake Erie in 1813. A) John Paul Jones B) Oliver Perry C) Daniel Boone D) William Henry Harrison E) Thomas Macdonough Answer: B Page Ref: 201 [Factual]
50) At the Battle of New Orleans, A) British forces retreated when they saw how strong American defenses were. B) British forces won and forced the surrender of the city. C) British forces were defeated by Andrew Jackson and his troops. D) Andrew Jackson proved to be an ineffective political leader. E) Andrew Jackson was briefly held as a prisoner. Answer: C Page Ref: 202 [Factual]
51) At the Hartford Convention, A) a resolution threatening New England's secession was adopted. B) Federalists demanded a unanimous vote in the Senate before war could be declared. C) New Englanders gave strong support for the war effort. D) the principles of the "three-fifths rule" concerning slavery were opposed. E) Federalists continued to show their support of the embargo. Answer: D Page Ref: 202 [Factual]
52) The Treaty of Ghent A) awarded part of Canada to the U.S. B) did little more than end hostilities and postpone other issues for future negotiations. C) gave the British navigation rights on the Mississippi River. D) restored Quebec to France. E) was negotiated quickly and quietly, since there were no real debates. Answer: B Page Ref: 204 [Factual]
8.2 True/False Questions1) The Lewis and Clark expedition accomplished little of permanent value to the United States. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 190 [Factual]2) In his trial for treason, Aaron Burr was found not guilty. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 210 [Factual]3) The importation of slaves totally stopped after 1807. Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 197 [Factual]
4) The United States was well prepared for war with Great Britain. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 200 [Factual]
5) The Treaty of Ghent did not resolve the major differences between the United States and England. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 203[Factual] 6) President Thomas Jefferson was intent on destroying Native Americans to open up land for white settlers. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 186 [Factual]
7) In the early 1800s, the merchant marine was one of the weakest sectors of the American economy. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 186 [Factual]
8) In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court disallowed the authority of the federal courts to overturn state laws. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 192 [Factual] 9) The War of 1812 proved to be an enormous military victory for the United States. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 201-202 [Factual]10) The Hartford Convention proved to be a political disaster for New England Federalists. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 203 [Factual]
8.3 Essay Questions1) Describe the major issues that eventually led the United States to declare war on Great Britain in 1812. Page Ref: 197-201 [Factual and Conceptual]2) Once in office, how did Jefferson carry out his political beliefs? Explain your answer. Page Ref: 188-190 [Factual and Conceptual]
3) Describe the major regional identities that began to appear in the United States in the early 1800s. Page Ref: 184 [Factual and Conceptual]
4) Was it inevitable for the United States to be drawn into war with Great Britain? Page Ref: 200-201 [Factual and Conceptual]
5) How did the Battle of New Orleans and the Hartford Convention contribute to the demise of the Federalist Party?
Page Ref: 202-203 [Factual and Conceptual]
