Ch06 The Republican Experiment.docx

America: Past and Present Chapter 6 The Republican Experiment 6.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The best definition of republican, as it was understood in the late 1700s, was A) a government without monarchy or aristocracy. B) a new political party. C) a continuation of the British monarchy. D) a strong central government. E) "one man, one vote." Answer: A Page Ref: 135 [Conceptual] 2) In the 1780s, Americans disagreed sharply over the relative importance of A) good and evil. B) republicanism and tyranny. C) current cultural trends and traditional values. D) faith and skepticism. E) liberty and order. Answer: E Page Ref: 136 [Factual] 3) Compared with the French, Russian, and Chinese Revolutions, The American Revolution could be characterized as A) much more radical and violent. B) about the same in terms of the degree of change. C) less defined in terms of the needs of the people. D) more tame and less wrenching. E) happening much more quickly. Answer: D Page Ref: 136 [Conceptual] 4) The law permitting a man to pass on his entire estate to his eldest son was known as A) access. B) primogeniture. C) federalism. D) land tenure. E) the law of entail. Answer: B Page Ref: 136 [Factual] 5) The uproar surrounding the formation of the Society of the Cincinnati was triggered by A) public fears that this was the beginning of an hereditary peerage America. B) angry women, since membership was exclusively male. C) religious leaders who felt the society was pagan in its rituals. D) parents who feared the consequences of young men and women meeting without chaperones. E) southerners who questioned the society's anti-slavery stance. Answer: A Page Ref: 136 [Factual] 6) Which of the following was NOT a result of the American Revolution? A) the end of primogeniture B) disestablishment of the Anglican Church in several southern states C) abolition of slavery in several southern states D) reductions in the minimum property requirement for voting E) the continued uneven distribution of wealth Answer: C Page Ref: 139 [Factual] 7) The most obvious contradiction to the principles expressed in the founding of the American republic was A) the way it treated women. B) its failure to allow businessmen a say in planning the nation's future. C) the continued existence of slavery in much of the nation. D) the fact that some states continued to require property as a prerequisite for voting. E) its failure to address matters of religion. Answer: C Page Ref: 139 [Conceptual] 8) ________ caused the most important changes in voting patterns in the immediate post-war years. A) The tremendous loss of male lives B) Western migration C) The dramatically increased standard of living D) The Articles of Confederation E) The movement of state capitals to more central locations Answer: B Page Ref: 137 [Factual] 9) The leading African-American scientist and mathematician in early America was A) John Woolman. B) Richard Allen. C) Benjamin Banneker. D) Sojourner Truth. E) Phillis Wheatley. Answer: C Page Ref: 138 [Factual] 10) Even before achieving statehood, ________ prohibited slavery in its constitution. A) Connecticut B) New Jersey C) Massachusetts D) Pennsylvania E) Vermont Answer: E Page Ref: 138 [Factual] 11) With respect to women, the political ideology of The American Revolution A) had little interest for them. B) brought dramatic changes in their lifestyles and opportunities. C) caused them to be more assertive about their roles in the family. D) gave them the right to participate actively in government. E) brought them together to demand suffrage. Answer: C Page Ref: 137 [Factual] He that ne'er learns his A, B, C, For ever will a Blockhead be: But he that learn thefe (these) Letters fair Shall have a Coach to take thir. 12) Examine this child's alphabet book used in the United States during 1779. Which of the following statements accurately describes the values expressed in the lesson? A) strong sense of patriotic loyalty to the new nation B) support for republican ideals and the revolution C) good education will lead to wealth D) importance of religion in daily life E) underlining the importance of strong moral values Answer: C Page Ref: 140-141 [Factual] 13) How many states did not have to draft new constitutions, since they already had republican governments as part of their colonial charters? A) none B) one C) two D) three E) four Answer: C Page Ref: 141 [Factual] 14) An important fact about the Americans who wrote the first state constitutions was that they A) totally rejected British traditions and ideas in creating them. B) demanded written documents. C) refused to include bills of rights. D) made the constitutions vague and imprecise where basic rights were concerned. E) followed the example of the British constitution. Answer: B Page Ref: 141 [Factual] 15) Most new state constitutions after The American Revolution A) strengthened the power of the governors. B) weakened the power of the legislature. C) avoided the creation of a written constitution. D) included Declarations of Rights. E) affirmed the freedom of speech and press but not of religion. Answer: D Page Ref: 142 [Factual] 16) Which of the following was NOT typical of the post-revolutionary state constitutions? A) that they claimed the people at large as the basis of political authority B) the inclusion of specific guarantees of rights C) the office of governor being either reduced or eliminated entirely D) the fact that they were written documents E) the use of bicameral legislatures Answer: A Page Ref: 142 [Factual] 17) John Dickinson's 1776 plan for a new United States government revolved around the concept of A) a weak central government. B) extremely powerful state governments. C) unification with Canada. D) a strong central government. E) a centralized banking system. Answer: D Page Ref: 143 [Factual] 18) The Articles of Confederation A) gave too much power to the central government. B) provided for state representation by population. C) jealously guarded state sovereignty at the expense of national power. D) created a powerful presidency. E) changed little from first draft to final document. Answer: C Page Ref: 143 [Factual] 19) The controversy which delayed ratification of the Articles of Confederation involved A) slavery. B) the disposition of western lands. C) American relations with European countries. D) regulating trade with British manufacturers. E) boundaries between the states. Answer: B Page Ref: 144 [Factual] 20) Which of the following was NOT a criticism of American government under The Articles of Confederation? A) that it failed to deal with the nation's economic problems B) that it gave too much power to a central government C) that it failed to adequately confront threats from Britain and Spain along U.S. borders D) that it was unable to deal with the country's fiscal instability E) that its single legislative body gave some states an unfair advantage Answer: B Page Ref: 143 [Factual] 21) He was considered the most important political figure of the Confederation period. A) James Madison B) Robert Morris C) Alexander Hamilton D) Benjamin Franklin E) John Hancock Answer: B Page Ref: 145 [Factual] 22) The most important accomplishment of Congress under The Articles of Confederation was its A) disposition of the Florida border problem with Spain. B) passage of ordinances organizing the Northwest Territory. C) management of the nation's financial affairs. D) rejection of British demands for territory along the country's borders with Canada. E) set of rules for interstate trade and tariffs. Answer: B Page Ref: 146 [Conceptual] 23) Under the terms of the ________, an orderly process for laying out lands and towns in the western territory was established. A) Land Ordinance of 1785 B) Northwest Ordinance of 1787 C) Proclamation of 1763 D) Cumberland Agreement E) Ordinance of 1784 Answer: A Page Ref: 146 [Factual] 24) The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 A) defined the process by which a territory became a state. B) provided for the surveying of the Northwest Territory. C) ignored the basic rights of settlers in the region. D) specifically allowed slavery to exist in the region. E) was one of the first acts passed under the Confederation. Answer: A Page Ref: 147 [Factual] 25) During the Confederation period, nationalists were people who A) supported The Articles of Confederation. B) believed the national government was too powerful. C) called for major constitutional reforms that would strengthen the national government. D) believed the states deserved more power. E) wanted to maintain close ties to England. Answer: C Page Ref: 147 [Factual] 26) The Newburgh Conspiracy involved A) discontented officers of the Continental Army. B) supporters of The Articles of Confederation. C) those who believed The Articles gave too much power to the national government. D) individuals dissatisfied with the military leadership of George Washington. E) French soldiers who had not been paid. Answer: A Page Ref: 148 [Factual] 27) The proposed Jay-Gardoqui Treaty would have A) repealed The Articles of Confederation. B) postponed free navigation of the Mississippi River for twenty-five years. C) expelled British soldiers from forts in the Northwest. D) established a military alliance with Spain. E) paid Continental Army officers the pensions they were owed. Answer: B Page Ref: 148 [Factual] 28) The European philosopher whose ideas supported the theory of state sovereignty was A) Locke. B) Montesquieu. C) Voltaire. D) Machiavelli. E) Rousseau. Answer: B Page Ref: 149 [Conceptual] 29) The most brilliant American political theorist of the post-revolutionary period was A) James Madison. B) George Washington. C) John Locke. D) John Adams. E) Thomas Jefferson. Answer: A Page Ref: 149 [Conceptual] 30) The most important result of the Annapolis Meeting of 1786 was A) that it added support for The Articles of Confederation. B) the establishment of new, more efficient trade regulations for the United States. C) the settlement of problems involving Spain's control of the Mississippi River. D) the nationalists' recommendation to Congress for a convention to revise The Articles of Confederation. E) the growing political power and influence of James Madison. Answer: D Page Ref: 150 [Conceptual] The Massachusetts Centennial, Boston, January 30, 1788 "From observation, and good information, we venture to assure the world that the MASSACHUSETENIAN PILLAR of the great FEDERAL EDIFICE rises daily." 31) The political cartoon shown above is a direct call for support in which of the following events in U.S. history? A) asking colonial legislatures to pass resolutions supporting Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of Union B) radicals celebrating a series of "peoples' " revolts in the new states to protest inflation, high taxes and interest rates culminating in Shays' Rebellion in Massachusetts C) abolitionists praising the organization of state chapters of the American Anti-Slavery Society and the first publication of William Garrison's anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator D) encouraging states to ratify the new Constitution written at the Philadelphia Convention and listing those which had already ratified that document E) applauding the growing list of colonies that agreed to send delegates to the Second Continental Congress Answer: D Page Ref: 156-157 [Conceptual] 32) Shays's Rebellion involved A) discontented New England merchants. B) western settlers demanding Indian territory. C) supporters of freer trade with Great Britain. D) discontented farmers in Massachusetts. E) Continental Army officers who had been denied their pensions. Answer: D Page Ref: 150 [Factual] 33) The Constitutional Convention took place in A) 1778. B) 1781. C) 1787. D) 1791. E) 1793. Answer: C Page Ref: 150 [Factual] 34) Under his intellectual guidance, the Constitutional Convention formed a new government. A) Robert Morris B) Alexander Hamilton C) James Madison D) Benjamin Franklin E) Thomas Jefferson Answer: C Page Ref: 149-156 [Factual] 35) An important procedural decision approved at the opening of the Constitutional Convention involved A) publicizing the convention's meetings and debates. B) its refusal to allow the small states to present their plans for constitutional revisions. C) the decision to keep deliberations as secret as possible. D) the election of James Madison as chairman. E) the requirement of a plurality rather than a simple majority to implement changes. Answer: C Page Ref: 154 [Factual] 36) The Virginian was the handiwork of A) William Ruffin. B) Patrick Henry. C) Thomas Jefferson. D) Ben Franklin. E) James Madison. Answer: E Page Ref: 151 [Factual] 37) The plan proposed by William Paterson A) gave too much power to the national government. B) proposed a two-house national legislature. C) represented the wishes of the smaller states. D) was strongly supported by Madison and his colleagues. E) denied Congress power to tax or regulate trade. Answer: C Page Ref: 151 [Factual] 38) The ________ proposed a unicameral Congress in which the states would be represented equally. A) Virginian B) "three-fifths rule" C) Connecticutian D) Franklin Compromise E) New Jersey Plan Answer: E Page Ref: 151 [Factual] 39) The compromise which resolved the dispute between the large and the small states included each of the following EXCEPT A) the states would be equally represented in the upper house. B) all bills pertaining to taxation or spending would begin in the upper house. C) the states would be proportionally represented according to population in the lower house. D) slave-holding states could count sixty percent of their slaves for purposes of representation. E) in the lower house, at the beginning, there would be one representative for every 30,000 inhabitants. Answer: B Page Ref: 151-152 [Factual] 40) The three-fifths rule concerned the issue of A) slavery. B) the number of branches in the national government. C) checks and balances. D) presidential power. E) the number of votes required in the House to pass legislation. Answer: A Page Ref: 151 [Factual] 41) At the Constitutional Convention, the question of slavery A) caused few real problems. B) generally saw northerners willing to support southern concerns. C) threatened to disrupt and destroy the work of the convention. D) found the southern delegates eager to compromise on most significant arguments. E) was resolved, but left the South at a disadvantage. Answer: C Page Ref: 152 [Factual] 42) Regarding slavery, one of the Constitutional Convention's most important decisions A) allowed the slave trade to continue indefinitely. B) permitted Congress to outlaw the importation of slaves in 1808. C) provided for an immediate end to the importation of African slaves. D) declared slavery to be illegal as of 1808. E) declared that slaves could not be purchased in the U.S. after 1808. Answer: B Page Ref: 152 [Factual] 43) The proposed new Constitution of 1787 called for the election of a president by A) a direct vote of the people. B) the state legislatures. C) an electoral college. D) the federal congress. E) the Senate. Answer: C Page Ref: 152 [Factual] 44) In order for the Constitution to be accepted, A) nine state legislatures needed to ratify it. B) a unanimous vote among the states needed to occur. C) nine state conventions needed to ratify it. D) the public needed to ratify it. E) three-fifths of all state legislators needed to ratify it. Answer: A Page Ref: 157 [Factual] 45) Those who campaigned actively for ratification of the Constitution were called A) Nationalists. B) Federalists. C) Constitutionalists. D) States' Righters. E) Antifederalists. Answer: B Page Ref: 156-157 [Factual] 46) Those who opposed ratification of the Constitution were called A) Antifederalists B) Federalists. C) States' Righters. D) Radicals. E) Nationalists. Answer: A Page Ref: 156-157 [Factual] 47) The first state to ratify the new Constitution was A) South Carolina. B) Massachusetts. C) Delaware. D) New Hampshire. E) Rhode Island. Answer: C Page Ref: 156-157 [Factual] 48) The Federalist was a series of essays written by A) Washington and Adams. B) Thomas Jefferson. C) Madison, Hamilton, and Jay. D) Randolph and Franklin. E) Madison, Jefferson, and Hamilton. Answer: C Page Ref: 156-157 [Factual] 49) Federalists can be closely associated with A) a desire to preserve The Articles of Confederation. B) proposing that the Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution. C) the idea of a strong central government. D) the idea of states' rights. E) the early abolition movement. Answer: C Page Ref: 156-157 [Factual] 50) A major fear of the Antifederalists was that A) voters would be too distanced from their representatives. B) voters would have too much direct contact and, thus, influence on their representatives. C) voters would corrupt their national representatives. D) national representatives would rely too consistently on local voters for their ideas and decisions. E) the average voter was not educated enough to make good decisions. Answer: A Page Ref: 157 [Conceptual] 51) The Constitution was ratified A) easily in all the major states. B) by close votes in the major states. C) with little opposition from farmers. D) with great opposition from artisans and merchants. E) within eight months. Answer: B Page Ref: 157 [Factual] 52) The author of the original proposal for the Bill of Rights was A) Patrick Henry. B) George Washington. C) Alexander Hamilton. D) James Madison. E) Thomas Jefferson. Answer: D Page Ref: 158 [Factual] 6.2 True/False Questions 1) Under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, slavery was explicitly allowed in the Northwest Territory. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 147 [Factual] 2) Most new state constitutions dramatically increased the power of state governors. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 142 [Factual] 3) Americans understood the need for fiscal responsibility after the Revolution. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 147-148 [Factual] 4) Most prominent political figures supported the Constitution. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 150-151 [Factual] 5) Shays's Rebellion demonstrated the ability of the national government to maintain order and stability in the United States. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 150 [Factual] 6) After the American Revolution, several northern states abolished slavery. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 138 [Factual] 7) After the American Revolution, African-Americans in the North enjoyed equal treatment before the law. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 138-139 [Factual] 8) After the American Revolution, state governments insisted that their new state constitutions be specific, written documents. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 141 [Factual] 9) The Bill of Rights became law just before the Constitution was ratified. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 157-158 [Factual] 10) James Madison had much to do with writing the Constitution but nothing to do with writing the Bill of Rights. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 149-158 [Factual] 6.3 Essay Questions 1) How successful was the new Republic in implementing the goals of the Revolution? Page Ref: 149-158 [Conceptual] 2) Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the Confederation government. Was it doomed to failure? Why? Page Ref: 143-147 [Conceptual] 3) What role did the issue of slavery play in the Constitutional Convention? How was the issue dealt with in the final version of the Constitution? Page Ref: 152-153 [Conceptual] 4) Discuss anti-slavery sentiment in America during the Revolution and the years immediately following the Revolution. Was the opposition to slavery limited to northern states? Page Ref: 137-139 [Conceptual] 5) Imagine you are either Federalist or Antifederalist. Argue for (or against) ratification of the Constitution. Include economic status, geographic region, and political ideals in your argument. Page Ref: 156-157 [Conceptual]