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Amoxicillin Drug Discovery Amoxicillin is the most widely prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotic that used to treat many different types of infections such as ears, nose and strep throat caused by bacteria. Amoxicillin is a generic version (active ingredient) of Amoxil, Trimox brand name drugs with chemical formula C16H19N3O5S. Amoxicillin used to prevent bacteria from forming cell walls, stopping them from multiplying and growing in human body. In addition, when Amoxicillin drug binds to a receptor (penicillin binding protein) on the outside of the cell wall of bacteria, stop the production of peptidoglycan (one of the ingredients that provides stability to the bacterial cell wall), causing changes in the cell wall and then heal the infection. Due to the narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity of penicillin, Amoxicillin was developed with a wide spectrum of activity to treat Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. It was discovered in 1972 by Beecham Research Laboratories, a British pharmaceutical company. Amoxicillin is an oral drug that comes in different dosage form including a pediatric drops to take by mouth, capsule, a tablet and a chewable tablet. Amoxicillin is an analog of ampicillin, belong to penicillin group and its differing from the parent drug only by merely having an additional hydroxyl group on the benzene ring side (EMedExpert, 2014). It consists of semisynthetic antibiotic amoxicillin, the ?-lactamase inhibitor, and clavulanate potassium in which derived from the basic penicillin G, 6-aminopenicillanic acid (International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011). Amoxicillin; however, is slightly more lipid soluble than ampicillin, well absorbed, takes about 5-6 hours to leave the system and thus kill bacteria slightly quicker. In 1974, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Amoxicillin as an Aminopenicillin antibiotic with one hour half-life and 74-92% oral bioavailability, pharmaceutical patent that last for over 12 years after the successful results from a Phase III clinical study (EMedExpert, 2014). Since Amoxicillin is an antibiotics, it only recover bacterial infections and it will not work for viral infections such as colds and flu. References "Amoxicillin." H2g2 - Amoxicillin - Edited Entry. 26 Sept. 2011. Web. 22 Sept. 2015. <http://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A6557295>. "Amoxicillin versus Penicillin." - EMedExpert.com. 31 July 2014. Web. 23 Sept. 2015. <http://www.emedexpert.com/compare-meds/amoxicillin-vs-penicillin.shtml>. "Amoxicillin (Amoxil)." - EMedExpert.com. 28 July 2014. Web. 23 Sept. 2015. <http://www.emedexpert.com/facts/amoxicillin-facts.shtml>. "AMOXICILLIN: A BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTIC." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011. Web. 24 Sept. 2015. <http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Issue3/2249.pdf>.
